Pierce C E, Blackwell M C
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia 29208, USA.
Waste Manag. 2003;23(3):197-208. doi: 10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00160-5.
Flowable fill is a self-leveling and self-compacting material that is rapidly gaining acceptance and application in construction, particularly in transportation and utility earthworks. When mixed with concrete sand, standard flowable fill produces a mass density ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 g/cm(3) (115-145 pcf). Scrap tires can be granulated to produce crumb rubber, which has a granular texture and ranges in size from very fine powder to coarse sand-sized particles. Due to its low specific gravity, crumb rubber can be considered a lightweight aggregate. This paper describes an experimental study on replacing sand with crumb rubber in flowable fill to produce a lightweight material. To assess the technical feasibility of using crumb rubber, the fluid- and hardened-state properties of nine flowable fill mixtures were measured. Mixture proportions were varied to investigate the effects of water-to-cement ratio and crumb rubber content on fill properties. Experimental results indicate that crumb rubber can be successfully used to produce a lightweight flowable fill (1.2-1.6 g/cm(3) [73-98 pcf]) with excavatable 28-day compressive strengths ranging from 269 to 1194 kPa (39-173 psi). Using a lightweight fill reduces the applied stress on underlying soils, thereby reducing the potential for bearing capacity failure and minimizing soil settlement. Based on these results, a crumb rubber-based flowable fill can be used in a substantial number of construction applications, such as bridge abutment fills, trench fills, and foundation support fills.
流动填料是一种自流平、自密实材料，在建筑领域，尤其是在交通和公用设施土方工程中，正迅速得到认可和应用。与混凝土砂混合时，标准流动填料的质量密度范围为1.8至2.3克/立方厘米（115 - 145磅/立方英尺）。废旧轮胎可制成颗粒生产橡胶颗粒，其具有颗粒质地，尺寸范围从极细粉末到粗砂大小的颗粒。由于其比重低，橡胶颗粒可被视为轻质集料。本文描述了一项关于在流动填料中用橡胶颗粒替代砂以生产轻质材料的试验研究。为评估使用橡胶颗粒的技术可行性，测量了九种流动填料混合物的流体状态和硬化状态性能。改变混合物比例以研究水灰比和橡胶颗粒含量对填料性能的影响。实验结果表明，橡胶颗粒可成功用于生产轻质流动填料（1.2 - 1.6克/立方厘米[73 - 98磅/立方英尺]），其28天可挖掘抗压强度范围为269至1194千帕（39 - 173磅力/平方英寸）。使用轻质填料可降低对下层土壤施加的应力，从而降低承载力失效的可能性并使土壤沉降最小化。基于这些结果，基于橡胶颗粒的流动填料可用于大量建筑应用，如桥台填方、沟槽填方和基础支撑填方。
