Benda Brent B, Rodell Daniel E, Rodell Luci
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, USA.
Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2003 Spring;26(4):332-45. doi: 10.2975/26.2003.332.345.
This was a study of crime among 188 homeless persons who were in a Veterans' Affairs Medical Center program for substance abusers. The purpose of the study was to find out: (a) what proportion committed crimes, and (b) what other problems, relational factors, and personal attributes predict crime. Data indicate 27% of these homeless veterans committed nuisance offenses, and 41% have committed crimes in the past year. Logistic regression procedures indicated that alcohol and other drug abuse, less education, lack of employment, psychiatric problems, and living with a substance abuser increased the odds of committing crimes. This study also finds that physical and sexual abuse before 18 years of age increases the odds of committing crimes, whereas self-efficacy, ego integrity, and resilience decrease these odds. These latter factors have received scant attention in the literature on homeless substance abusers, and yet they are among the strongest predictors of crime. Implications for psychiatric rehabilitation are discussed.
这是一项针对188名无家可归者的犯罪情况研究，这些人参加了退伍军人事务医疗中心的药物滥用者项目。该研究的目的是查明：（a）犯罪的比例是多少，以及（b）哪些其他问题、关系因素和个人特质能够预测犯罪行为。数据表明，这些无家可归的退伍军人中有27%实施了滋扰性犯罪，且41%在过去一年中曾有犯罪行为。逻辑回归程序表明，酗酒和其他药物滥用、受教育程度较低、缺乏就业、精神问题以及与药物滥用者同住会增加犯罪几率。该研究还发现，18岁之前遭受身体和性虐待会增加犯罪几率，而自我效能感、自我完整性和心理韧性则会降低这些几率。在关于无家可归的药物滥用者的文献中，后述这些因素很少受到关注，但它们却是最强的犯罪预测因素之一。文中还讨论了对精神康复的启示。
