Finger Stanley, Buckner Randy L, Buckingham Hugh
Washington University, Campus Box 1125, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
Brain Lang. 2003 Jun;85(3):385-95. doi: 10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00060-9.
In 1877 Thomas Barlow, a London physician, published a remarkable case of functional recovery of speech following brain damage. It involved a 10-year-old boy who had lost his speech, regained it, and lost it again before he died from a disorder that affected his heart and produced embolisms that subsequently affected other organs, including his brain. Examination of the boy's brain revealed two focal regions of softening; one that affected Broca's area and the left facial-motor area, and another, which occurred weeks later, in the homologous regions of the right hemisphere. Although Barlow was most concerned with motor deficits, others at the turn of the century began to cite this case as strong evidence that the corresponding region of the right hemisphere can take over speech functions for Broca's area on the left. Whether this case really provides good support for functional takeover or vicariation theory is critically evaluated in the light of contemporary research, including PET scan studies involving damage to Broca's speech region.
1877年，伦敦医生托马斯·巴洛发表了一例脑损伤后言语功能恢复的显著病例。该病例涉及一名10岁男孩，他失去了言语能力，之后恢复了，然后又再次丧失，最终死于一种影响心脏并产生栓塞继而影响包括大脑在内的其他器官的疾病。对男孩大脑的检查发现了两个软化灶区域；一个影响了布洛卡区和左侧面部运动区，另一个在数周后出现在右半球的同源区域。尽管巴洛最关注运动功能缺陷，但世纪之交的其他人开始将此病例作为有力证据，证明右半球的相应区域可以接管左侧布洛卡区的言语功能。根据当代研究，包括涉及布洛卡言语区损伤的PET扫描研究，对该病例是否真的为功能接管或替代理论提供了有力支持进行了批判性评估。
