Davis Cameron, Kleinman Jonathan T, Newhart Melissa, Gingis Leila, Pawlak Mikolaj, Hillis Argye E
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Brain Lang. 2008 Apr;105(1):50-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2008.01.012. Epub 2008 Mar 5.
A number of previous studies have indicated that Broca's area has an important role in understanding and producing syntactically complex sentences and other language functions. If Broca's area is critical for these functions, then either infarction of Broca's area or temporary hypoperfusion within this region should cause impairment of these functions, at least while the neural tissue is dysfunctional. The opportunity to identify the language functions that depend on Broca's area in a particular individual was provided by a patient with hyperacute stroke who showed selective hypoperfusion, with minimal infarct, in Broca's area, and acutely impaired production of grammatical sentences, comprehension of semantically reversible (but not non-reversible) sentences, spelling, and motor planning of speech articulation. When blood flow was restored to Broca's area, as demonstrated by repeat perfusion weighted imaging, he showed immediate recovery of these language functions. The identification of language functions that were impaired when Broca's area was dysfunctional (due to low blood flow) and recovered when Broca's area was functional again, provides evidence for the critical role of Broca's area in these language functions, at least in this individual.
此前的多项研究表明，布洛卡区在理解和生成句法复杂的句子以及其他语言功能方面发挥着重要作用。如果布洛卡区对这些功能至关重要，那么布洛卡区的梗死或该区域内的短暂性灌注不足应会导致这些功能受损，至少在神经组织功能失调期间如此。一名超急性中风患者为确定特定个体中依赖布洛卡区的语言功能提供了契机，该患者在布洛卡区出现选择性灌注不足，梗死极小，并且语法句子生成、语义可逆（但非不可逆）句子理解、拼写以及言语发音的运动规划严重受损。当重复灌注加权成像显示血流恢复至布洛卡区时，他的这些语言功能立即恢复。布洛卡区功能失调（由于血流不足）时受损而在布洛卡区功能再次恢复时又得以恢复的语言功能的确定，为布洛卡区在这些语言功能中的关键作用提供了证据，至少在该个体中是如此。
