Olsen Annette
Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Allé 1 D, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
Acta Trop. 2003 May;86(2-3):255-66. doi: 10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00046-9.
This paper reviews the experience with school-based interventions against soil-transmitted helminths with regard to reduction in prevalence, intensity of infection and morbidity. It also examines the existing experience with coverage of school-based programmes to non-enrolled children. However, as this experience is limited, the paper also seeks to give an overview of the need for school control programmes to include other segments of the community. The experiences from the programmes indicate that treatment should be performed twice or thrice yearly without prior diagnosis, should be school-based and involving schoolteachers assisted by health staff, if possible. The drugs of choice are a single dose of 400 mg albendazole or 500 mg mebendazole. If intensities of Trichuris trichiura or hookworm infections are high, a double or triple dose of one of these drugs could be considered to maximise reduction in intensities. For the benefit of growth and iron status, it should be considered to supplement with iron and other micronutrients. School-based programmes should include non-enrolled school age children and pre-school children, and the system of having 'treatment days' at school, where these groups are invited for treatment, seems to be a promising strategy. While antenatal clinics have been involved in the anthelminthic treatment of pregnant women, they have not covered non-pregnant adolescent girls and women. These could be offered treatment through the 'treatment days' at school mentioned earlier.
本文回顾了以学校为基础开展的预防土壤传播蠕虫感染干预措施在降低感染率、感染强度和发病率方面的经验。同时也考察了将此类以学校为基础的项目覆盖到未入学儿童的现有经验。然而,由于这方面经验有限,本文还试图概述学校防控项目纳入社区其他群体的必要性。这些项目的经验表明,治疗应每年进行两次或三次,无需事先诊断,应以学校为基础,尽可能由卫生工作人员协助学校教师开展。首选药物为单剂量400毫克阿苯达唑或500毫克甲苯达唑。如果鞭虫或钩虫感染强度较高,可考虑加倍或三倍剂量使用其中一种药物,以最大程度降低感染强度。为促进生长和改善铁营养状况,应考虑补充铁和其他微量营养素。以学校为基础的项目应包括未入学的学龄儿童和学龄前儿童,在学校设立“治疗日”,邀请这些群体接受治疗的做法似乎是一个很有前景的策略。虽然产前诊所已参与对孕妇进行驱虫治疗,但未涵盖未怀孕的青春期女孩和妇女。可以通过前面提到的学校“治疗日”为她们提供治疗。