斯里兰卡淡水观赏鱼中的寄生虫感染

Parasitic infections in freshwater ornamental fish in Sri Lanka.

作者信息

Thilakaratne I D S I P, Rajapaksha G, Hewakopara A, Rajapakse R P V J, Faizal A C M

机构信息

Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

出版信息

Dis Aquat Organ. 2003 Mar 31;54(2):157-62. doi: 10.3354/dao054157.

DOI:10.3354/dao054157

PMID:12747641

Abstract

A total of 1520 ornamental fish of 13 species from 26 export farms in Sri Lanka were collected between October 1999 and March 2000 and examined for parasites. Fish species examined were guppy Poecilia reticulata, goldfish Carassius auratus, platy Xiphophorus maculatus, molly Poecilia sphenops, angel Pterophyllum scalare, swordtail Xiphophorus helleri, tetras Hyphessobrycon species, barbs Capeota and Puntius spp., gourami Colisa sp., carp Cyprinus carpio, fighters Betta spelendens and others (Brachydanio and Astronotus spp.). Nine species of monogenean trematodes (Dactylogyrus extensus, Dactylogyrus cf. extensus, D. vastator, Dactylogyrus cf. vastator Dactylogyrus spp., Gyrodactylus turnbulli, G. katherineri, Gyrodactylus cf. katherineri, Gyrodactylus spp.), 7 protozoan species (Trichodina nigra, Trichodina spp., Tetrahymena corlissi, T. pyriformis, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Ichthyobodo necator, Piscinoodinium spp.), 3 species of copepod arthropods (Lernaea cyprinacea, Ergasilus ceylonensis, Argulus foliaceus), 1 metacercarial stage of a digenean trematode (Centrocestus spp.) and 1 nematode (Capillaria spp.) were identified. Parasites were found in fish from 23 of the 26 farms with an overall prevalence of parasitism in 45.3% of fish. The variation in farm prevalence among different parasites was significant (p < 0.01). Fish infection rates with monogenean trematodes, protozoans, copepod crustaceans, digenean trematodes and nematodes were 28.3, 18.4, 4.8, 0.8 and 0.4%, respectively. In all, 50 out of 590 (50/590) guppies were infected with Tetrahymena, compared with 13/930 for all other species, which is a statistically significant result (p < 0.01). Similarly, 13/44 and 18/44 carp were infected with Argulus foliaceus and Lernaea cyprinacea, compared with 7/1476 and 15/1476, respectively, for all other species combined (p < 0.01). Capillaria spp. was found only in guppies (4/590) and angel fish (3/92) while Centrocestus spp. was found in goldfish (12/153) only.

摘要

1999年10月至2000年3月期间，从斯里兰卡26个出口养殖场收集了来自13个品种的共计1520条观赏鱼，并对其进行寄生虫检查。所检查的鱼类品种有孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）、金鱼（Carassius auratus）、剑尾鱼（Xiphophorus maculatus）、茉莉鱼（Poecilia sphenops）、神仙鱼（Pterophyllum scalare）、剑尾鱼（Xiphophorus helleri）、灯鱼（Hyphessobrycon species）、鲃鱼（Capeota和Puntius spp.）、接吻鲈（Colisa sp.）、鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）、斗鱼（Betta spelendens）以及其他品种（短担尼鱼属和眼斑星丽鱼属）。鉴定出9种单殖吸虫（扩展指环虫、近似扩展指环虫、巨大指环虫、近似巨大指环虫、指环虫属、特恩布尔三代虫、凯瑟琳三代虫、近似凯瑟琳三代虫、三代虫属）、7种原生动物（黑色车轮虫、车轮虫属、科氏四膜虫、梨形四膜虫、多子小瓜虫、鱼波豆虫、斜管虫属）、3种桡足类节肢动物（鲤锚头鳋、锡兰鲺、叶状鱼虱）、1种复殖吸虫的后囊蚴阶段（棘口吸虫属）和1种线虫（毛细线虫属）。在26个养殖场中的23个养殖场的鱼体内发现了寄生虫，总体寄生虫感染率为45.3%。不同寄生虫在养殖场中的感染率差异显著（p < 0.01）。单殖吸虫、原生动物、桡足类甲壳动物、复殖吸虫和线虫的鱼类感染率分别为28.3%、18.4%、4.8%、0.8%和0.4%。总共590条孔雀鱼中有50条（50/590）感染了四膜虫，而其他所有品种930条鱼中只有13条感染，这是一个具有统计学意义的结果（p < 0.01）。同样，44条鲤鱼中有13条感染叶状鱼虱，18条感染鲤锚头鳋，而其他所有品种总计1476条鱼中分别只有7条和15条感染（p < 0.01）。毛细线虫属仅在孔雀鱼（4/590）和神仙鱼（3/92）中发现，而棘口吸虫属仅在金鱼（12/153）中发现。