Baroody Fuad M
Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 May;128(5):616-31. doi: 10.1016/S0194-59980300257-2.
Allergic rhinitis is a burdensome disease for a significant part of the population in both adults and children. Poorly controlled allergic rhinitis can trigger exacerbations of asthma, sinusitis, and otitis media, diseases with which it shares common pathophysiologic elements. Consequently, early diagnosis and treatment should be a priority for patients and physicians, not only to control the symptoms of allergic rhinitis but also to improve the management of associated diseases. Several pharmacologic therapies can be considered in an armamentarium that includes antihistamines (intranasal and systemic), intranasal cromolyn, intranasal anticholinergic agents, intranasal steroids, systemic steroids, immunotherapy, and, most recently, leukotriene receptor antagonists. Often, combinations of these treatments are used to maximize control of refractory symptoms.
变应性鼻炎对很大一部分成人和儿童人群来说都是一种负担沉重的疾病。控制不佳的变应性鼻炎可引发哮喘、鼻窦炎和中耳炎的加重，这些疾病与变应性鼻炎有共同的病理生理因素。因此，早期诊断和治疗应成为患者和医生的首要任务，这不仅是为了控制变应性鼻炎的症状，也是为了改善相关疾病的管理。在一系列治疗手段中可考虑多种药物疗法，其中包括抗组胺药（鼻内和全身用）、鼻内色甘酸钠、鼻内抗胆碱能药物、鼻内类固醇、全身用类固醇、免疫疗法，以及最近的白三烯受体拮抗剂。通常，会联合使用这些治疗方法以最大程度地控制难治性症状。
