O'Brien Karen K, Higdon Mark L, Halverson Jaime J
Family Practice Residency Program, Martin Army Community Hospital, Fort Benning, Georgia, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2003 May 1;67(9):1927-34.
Recent events have demonstrated that bioterrorists have the ability to disseminate biologic agents in the United States and cause widespread social panic. Family physicians would play a key role in the initial recognition of a potential bioterrorism attack. Familiarity with the infectious agents of highest priority can expedite diagnosis and initial management, and lead to a successful public health response to such an attack. High-priority infectious agents include anthrax, smallpox, plague, tularemia, botulism, and viral hemorrhagic fever. Anthrax and smallpox must be distinguished from such common infections as influenza and varicella. Anthrax treatment is stratified into postexposure prophylaxis and treatment of confirmed cutaneous, intestinal, or inhalation anthrax. Disease prevention by vaccination and isolation of affected persons is key in preventing widespread smallpox infection. Many resources are available to physicians when a bioterrorism attack is suspected, including local public health agencies and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
近期事件表明，生物恐怖分子有能力在美国传播生物制剂并引发广泛的社会恐慌。家庭医生在初步识别潜在的生物恐怖主义袭击中将发挥关键作用。熟悉优先级最高的感染因子有助于加快诊断和初始治疗，并促成对这类袭击的成功公共卫生应对。优先级最高的感染因子包括炭疽、天花、鼠疫、兔热病、肉毒中毒和病毒性出血热。炭疽和天花必须与流感和水痘等常见感染相区分。炭疽治疗分为暴露后预防以及确诊的皮肤炭疽、肠道炭疽或吸入性炭疽的治疗。通过接种疫苗和隔离感染者来预防疾病是防止天花广泛传播的关键。当怀疑发生生物恐怖主义袭击时，医生可以利用许多资源，包括当地公共卫生机构和疾病控制与预防中心。
