Wong P S, Root J C
Department of Psychology, Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science, New School University, 65 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2003 Jun;12(2):147-68. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8100(03)00007-2.
The present study investigates the dynamics of emotional processing and awareness using an affective facial priming paradigm in conjunction with a multimodal assessment of awareness. Key facial primes are visually masked, and are presented for brief (unconscious) and extended (conscious) durations. Using a preference measure, we examine whether the effects of the primes differ qualitatively (Murphy & Zajonc, 1993). We show that: (a) unconscious affective priming with faces emerges strongly in initial presentations and diminishes rapidly with repetition; (b) conscious affective priming also emerges strongly in initial presentations, however it persists in strength with repetition; and (c) in contrast to other reports on the salience of negative stimuli, happy faces appear more salient than sad faces when presented outside awareness. We discuss the limits and extensions of unconscious affective priming with faces, and consider several methodological and conceptual questions concerning emotional processing out of awareness.
本研究使用情感面部启动范式并结合意识的多模态评估，来探究情绪加工与意识的动态过程。关键面部启动刺激被视觉掩蔽，并以短暂（无意识）和延长（有意识）的时长呈现。通过偏好测量，我们检验启动刺激的效应在性质上是否存在差异（Murphy & Zajonc，1993）。我们发现：（a）面部的无意识情感启动在初次呈现时强烈出现，并随着重复而迅速减弱；（b）有意识情感启动在初次呈现时也强烈出现，然而它的强度会随着重复而持续；（c）与其他关于负面刺激显著性的报告相反，当在意识之外呈现时，快乐的面孔比悲伤的面孔显得更显著。我们讨论了面部无意识情感启动的局限性和扩展，并考虑了一些关于无意识情绪加工的方法学和概念性问题。
