For better total survival rate of children with hepatoblastoma, the therapeutic strategy for recurrent or metastatic hepatoblastoma should be improved. From 1991 to 1999, 134 cases of hepatoblastoma were treated by surgery and combination chemotherapy of cisplatin (CDDP) and THP-Adriamycin (THP-ADR) based on the JPLT-1 protocol. In 114 non-metastatic cases, 90 primary liver tumors were resected completely by partial hepatectomy, but 12 recurrences were observed in the liver (4 cases) and the lungs (8 cases). Distant metastases on the diagnosis were observed in 20 cases. The treatment outcome of these 12 recurrent and 20 metastatic tumors was analyzed. In four recurrent liver tumors, surgical resection was performed in all four cases, and all the patients were alive and well. In eight recurrent lung tumors, surgical resection was performed completely in six cases with unilateral lung disease, and five of the six patients were alive and well. In stage IV tumors, the survival rate of the patients having primary tumors within two hepatic sections was significantly higher than that of the patients having primary tumors over three hepatic sections. Active surgical intervention to lung metastases and a more intensive chemotherapy to facilitate complete resection of primary hepatic tumor could improve survival rate of children with refractory hepatoblastoma.