Horowitz Stephen M
212 Eppler North, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2003 May-Jun;17(5):304-28. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-17.5.304.
To conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and pregnancy and STD prevention.
Computer database search (Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts [ASSIA], Biological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, CINAHL-Allied Health, Current Contents, Current Index to Journals in Education, Education Index, ERIC, Excerpta Medica, Family Index, Index Medicus, Medline, Multicultural Education Abstracts, PsychInfo, Psychological Abstracts, Research Alert, Social Science Citation Index, Social Work Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts), and manual journal search.
All English, peer-reviewed, original articles on the TTM as it relates to pregnancy and STD prevention published prior to December 31, 2001, were included. Editorials, commentaries, thesis/dissertations, unpublished studies, technical reports, and books were not included.
Articles were categorized as Intervention, Population (stage distribution), or Validation studies. Within each category, articles were subdivided into groups, summarized, and analyzed.
The 32 articles reviewed included 9 intervention studies, 11 population studies, and 12 validation studies. Studies represented a variety of U.S. populations of a broad demographic range. Evidence both for and against criterion-related and construct validity of the TTM was found.
Age, partner type, gender, reasons for engaging in safer sex behaviors (i.e., pregnancy vs. disease prevention), self-efficacy, sexual assertiveness, and perceived advantages and disadvantages of condom use were related to stage of change. The use of the TTM to reduce risk of pregnancy and STDs is a relatively new, but important, area of research. However, because of the wide-ranging differences in methodologies and samples, no strong conclusions about its effectiveness can yet be made.
对同行评审的关于跨理论模型（TTM）与妊娠及性传播疾病预防的文献进行系统综述。
计算机数据库检索（应用社会科学索引与摘要[ASSIA]、生物学文摘、刑事司法文摘、护理学与相关健康领域数据库[CINAHL]、现刊目次、教育期刊当前索引、教育索引、教育资源信息中心[ERIC]、医学文摘、家庭索引、医学索引、医学期刊数据库[Medline]、多元文化教育文摘、心理信息数据库、心理学文摘、研究快讯、社会科学引文索引、社会工作文摘和社会学文摘），以及手工期刊检索。
纳入所有2001年12月31日前发表的、与妊娠及性传播疾病预防相关的、英文的、同行评审的关于TTM的原创文章。社论、评论、论文/学位论文、未发表的研究、技术报告和书籍不纳入。
文章分为干预研究、人群研究（阶段分布）或验证性研究。在每个类别中，文章再细分为若干组，进行总结和分析。
所综述的32篇文章包括9项干预研究、11项人群研究和12项验证性研究。研究涉及广泛人口统计学范围的各种美国人群。发现了支持和反对TTM与标准相关效度及结构效度的证据。
年龄、性伴侣类型、性别、采取更安全性行为的原因（即预防妊娠与预防疾病）、自我效能感、性自信以及对使用避孕套的利弊认知与行为改变阶段相关。运用TTM降低妊娠和性传播疾病风险是一个相对较新但很重要的研究领域。然而，由于方法和样本存在广泛差异，目前还无法就其有效性得出强有力的结论。
