Fulton Robert W, Ridpath Julia F, Confer Anthony W, Saliki Jeremiah T, Burge Lurinda J, Payton Mark E
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Room 250 Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007, USA.
Biologicals. 2003 Jun;31(2):89-95. doi: 10.1016/s1045-1056(03)00021-6.
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle are associated with a variety or "diverse" clinical forms. These include digestive tract, respiratory, foetal (varied, dependent on foetal age), haemorrhagic and systemic diseases such as mucosal disease, and immunosuppression and inapparent infections. The BVDV isolates themselves are "diverse" with genotype differences based on nucleotide sequences, antigenic variability and biotypes (presence or absence of cytopathology in cell culture). Two predominant genotypes are present in the US, BVDV1 and BVDV2. There are subtypes of BVDV1, namely BVDV1a and BVDV1b. Examination of BVDV isolates from cattle derived from diagnostic laboratory submissions indicates that BVDV1b subtype isolates were as prevalent if not more prevalent than BVDV1a isolates. There was an almost equal distribution of BVDV1b and BVDV1a isolates from cattle with history of respiratory disease, and more isolates, 6 versus 2, of BVDV1b than for BVDV1a in necropsy cases of pneumonia. There were significant antibody titre differences in sera from calves receiving modified live virus vaccines containing BVDV1a, with the BVDV1b antibody titres being significantly lower. A survey of the US licensed and marketed BVDV vaccines indicates that only one vaccine contains BVDV1b with the others containing BVDV1a or undesignated BVDV1.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）感染牛会引发多种“不同的”临床症状。这些症状包括消化道、呼吸道、胎儿相关（症状多样，取决于胎儿年龄）、出血性和全身性疾病，如黏膜病，以及免疫抑制和隐性感染。BVDV分离株本身也“各不相同”，基于核苷酸序列、抗原变异性和生物型（细胞培养中细胞病变的有无）存在基因型差异。美国存在两种主要的基因型，即BVDV1和BVDV2。BVDV1有亚型，即BVDV1a和BVDV1b。对诊断实验室提交的牛源BVDV分离株进行检测发现，BVDV1b亚型分离株即便不比BVDV1a分离株更普遍，至少也同样普遍。有呼吸道疾病史的牛所分离出的BVDV1b和BVDV1a几乎分布均匀，在肺炎尸检病例中，BVDV1b分离株有6株，而BVDV1a分离株只有2株。接种含BVDV1a的改良活病毒疫苗的犊牛血清中，抗体滴度存在显著差异，BVDV1b抗体滴度明显更低。一项对美国已获许可并上市的BVDV疫苗的调查表明，只有一种疫苗含有BVDV1b，其他疫苗则含有BVDV1a或未指定的BVDV1。
