McCann S E, Sempos C, Freudenheim J L, Muti P, Russell M, Nochajski T H, Ram M, Hovey K, Trevisan M
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, 270 Farber Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Feb;13(1):2-11. doi: 10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80162-x.
Dietary and lifestyle characteristics may differ for drinkers of specific alcoholic beverages and nondrinkers which would have important implications for studies of alcohol and disease. Our aim in this study was to describe differences in dietary and lifestyle characteristics associated with alcoholic beverage preference in a population-based sample of healthy study participants.
Data were collected as part of a series of case-control studies of alcohol use, myocardial infarction, and lung, breast and prostate cancer in western New York from 1846 men and 1910 women aged 35 to 79, randomly selected from the general population of Erie and Niagara Counties. Beverage preference was defined for noncurrent vs current drinkers, and drinkers of beer, wine, liquor, and mixed beverages. Generalized linear models for continuous variables and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics for categorical variables were computed for the entire sample and stratified by gender. Participant characteristics differed by alcoholic beverage preference and drinking status. In general, wine drinkers had higher education and household incomes, lower prevalence of current smoking, higher intakes of dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin E, and total carotenoids, lower total fat intakes and higher amounts of fruits, vegetables, and grain products than consumers of other beverages. Conversely, beer and liquor drinkers had somewhat lower education and household incomes, higher rates of current smoking, higher energy and total fat intakes and consumed lower amounts of fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Finally, current nondrinkers were more likely to be older, less educated, have lower household incomes, and consume diets less consistent with dietary guidelines than current drinkers.
These results suggest that usual beverage preference may encompass other health-related behaviors and underline the importance of accurate exposure measurement and use of statistical methods to accommodate these interrelationships.
特定酒精饮料饮用者与非饮用者的饮食和生活方式特征可能存在差异，这对酒精与疾病的研究具有重要意义。本研究的目的是在以人群为基础的健康研究参与者样本中，描述与酒精饮料偏好相关的饮食和生活方式特征差异。
数据收集于纽约西部一系列关于酒精使用、心肌梗死以及肺癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的病例对照研究，研究对象为从伊利县和尼亚加拉县普通人群中随机选取的1846名年龄在35至79岁之间的男性和1910名女性。针对非当前饮酒者与当前饮酒者，以及啤酒、葡萄酒、烈酒和混合饮料饮用者定义了饮料偏好。对整个样本计算连续变量的广义线性模型以及分类变量的 Cochr an-Mantel-Haenszel统计量，并按性别分层。参与者特征因酒精饮料偏好和饮酒状态而异。总体而言，与其他饮料消费者相比，葡萄酒饮用者受教育程度和家庭收入更高，当前吸烟率更低，膳食纤维、钾、维生素E和总类胡萝卜素摄入量更高，总脂肪摄入量更低，水果、蔬菜和谷物产品摄入量更多。相反，啤酒和烈酒饮用者受教育程度和家庭收入略低，当前吸烟率更高，能量和总脂肪摄入量更高，水果、蔬菜和谷物产品摄入量更低。最后，与当前饮酒者相比，当前不饮酒者年龄更大、受教育程度更低、家庭收入更低，饮食与饮食指南的一致性更低。
这些结果表明，通常的饮料偏好可能包含其他与健康相关的行为，并强调了准确测量暴露因素以及使用统计方法来处理这些相互关系的重要性。
