Sampson Hugh A
Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
Pediatrics. 2003 Jun;111(6 Pt 3):1601-8.
Food anaphylaxis is now the leading known cause of anaphylactic reactions treated in emergency departments in the United States. It is estimated that there are 30 000 anaphylactic reactions to foods treated in emergency departments and 150 to 200 deaths each year. Peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish account for most severe food anaphylactic reactions. Although clearly a form of immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity, the mechanistic details responsible for symptoms of food-induced anaphylaxis are not completely understood, and in some cases, symptoms are not seen unless the patient exercises within a few hours of the ingestion. At the present time, the mainstays of therapy include educating patients and their caregivers to strictly avoid food allergens, to recognize early symptoms of anaphylaxis, and to self-administer injectable epinephrine. However, clinical trials are now under way for the treatment of patients with peanut anaphylaxis using recombinant humanized anti-immunoglobulin E antibody therapy, and novel immunomodulatory therapies are being tested in animal models of peanut-induced anaphylaxis.
食物过敏反应现已成为美国急诊科治疗的过敏反应的主要已知病因。据估计，美国急诊科每年有3万例食物过敏反应，其中150至200例导致死亡。花生、坚果、鱼类和贝类是最严重的食物过敏反应的主要诱因。尽管食物过敏反应显然是一种由免疫球蛋白E介导的超敏反应，但食物诱发过敏反应症状的机制细节尚未完全明确，在某些情况下，患者只有在摄入食物后数小时内运动才会出现症状。目前，治疗的主要方法包括教育患者及其护理人员严格避免食物过敏原，识别过敏反应的早期症状，并自行注射肾上腺素。然而，目前正在进行使用重组人源化抗免疫球蛋白E抗体疗法治疗花生过敏患者的临床试验，新型免疫调节疗法也正在花生诱发过敏反应的动物模型中进行测试。
