Brand R C, Clairborn W L
Community Ment Health J. 1976 Summer;12(2):168-75. doi: 10.1007/BF01411387.
Two studies compared the effects of stigmatization on two questionnaire measures of social distance and on offers of employment in retail sales. Employers' questionnaire responses revealed less social distance only with tuberculosis patients, compared to exconvicts, exmental patients or marginally adjusted individuals, all of whom did not differ among themselves. There were no differences in the number or conditions of retail sales job offers obtained by six competent experimenters role playing each of three stigmatizing conditions. The results of the studies are seen as reducing concern over the recent changes in California mental health laws which make involuntary commitment in mental hospitals more difficult and may increase the number of convicts who would otherwise become mental patients. Satisfactory employment, often related to low prisoner and mental patient recidivism rates, may be equally accessible to competent exmental patients and felons.
两项研究比较了污名化对社会距离的两种问卷调查指标以及零售行业就业机会的影响。雇主的问卷调查结果显示，与有前科者、有精神病史者或边缘适应者相比，雇主对肺结核患者表现出的社会距离更小，而有前科者、有精神病史者和边缘适应者之间没有差异。六位有能力的实验者分别扮演三种污名化情境，他们获得的零售行业工作机会的数量和条件并无差异。这些研究结果被视为减轻了人们对加利福尼亚州心理健康法近期变化的担忧，这些变化使得非自愿住院治疗更加困难，可能会增加原本会成为精神病人的罪犯数量。有能力的有精神病史者和重罪犯可能同样能够获得满意的工作，而这通常与较低的囚犯和精神病人累犯率相关。
