Sundet Jon Martin, Skre Ingunn, Okkenhaug Jan J, Tambs Kristian
Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Psychol. 2003 Apr;44(2):97-106. doi: 10.1111/1467-9450.00326.
The present study reports results from a study of the self-reported fears of identical twins and their spouses and offspring. Factor analysis with oblique rotation of questionnaire responses yielded four correlated fear dimensions: situational fears, illness-injury fears, social fears, and fear of small animals. Models allowing for genetic and cultural transmission, together with specially correlated environments for twins, were fitted, both for separate fears and across fears. Simple models with only genetic and uncorrelated environments were sufficient to account for each the fear dimensions considered separately. The cross-dimensional analyses revealed a genetic and an environmental factor common to the four fear dimensions, together with fear-specific genetic and environmental factors. The impact of the common genetic and common environmental factor varied across dimensions. No evidence of cultural transmission or specially correlated twin environments of the cross-dimensional environments was detected. It is concluded that both common and fear-specific genes and (individual-specific) common and fear-specific environments are necessary to account for the data. The results are discussed in terms of the prepared learning hypothesis and the expectancy bias hypothesis.
本研究报告了一项关于同卵双胞胎及其配偶和后代自我报告恐惧的研究结果。对问卷回答进行斜交旋转的因子分析产生了四个相关的恐惧维度：情境恐惧、疾病-伤害恐惧、社交恐惧和对小动物的恐惧。针对单独的恐惧以及跨恐惧情况，拟合了允许基因和文化传递以及双胞胎特殊相关环境的模型。仅包含基因和不相关环境的简单模型足以分别解释所考虑的每个恐惧维度。跨维度分析揭示了四个恐惧维度共有的一个基因和一个环境因素，以及特定恐惧的基因和环境因素。共同基因和共同环境因素的影响在不同维度上有所不同。未检测到文化传递或跨维度环境中双胞胎特殊相关环境的证据。得出的结论是，共同的和特定恐惧的基因以及（个体特定的）共同的和特定恐惧的环境对于解释这些数据都是必要的。根据准备学习假说和预期偏差假说对结果进行了讨论。
