Neale M C, Walters E E, Eaves L J, Kessler R C, Heath A C, Kendler K S
Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298-0710, USA.
Am J Med Genet. 1994 Dec 15;54(4):326-34. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320540411.
Data on unreasonable fears of blood, needles, hospitals, and illness (BNHI) were collected by telephone interview from 541 MZ and 388 DZ pairs of female twins from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. BNHI phobia was defined as the presence of fear accompanied by interference. Age at onset of phobia was found to be very similar to that of situational phobias previously assessed in the sample. Using a multiple threshold model, we found no evidence for qualitative differences between BNHI fears and BNHI phobia. The familial aggregation of fears appears to be entirely due to additive genetic variance. The possible exception to this is fear of illness, which, like BNHI phobias, seems to aggregate within families because of shared environmental factors. Although power to discriminate between the causes of familial resemblance is low, results suggest that random traumatic events and some social learning may be responsible for the onset of BNHI phobias. About two-thirds of variance is individual-specific environmental, and could include genotype x environment interaction and measurement error.
通过电话访谈，从基于人群的弗吉尼亚双胞胎登记处收集了541对同卵双胞胎和388对异卵双胞胎女性的数据，这些数据涉及对血液、针头、医院和疾病的不合理恐惧（BNHI）。BNHI恐惧症被定义为存在伴有干扰的恐惧。发现恐惧症的发病年龄与样本中先前评估的情境恐惧症的发病年龄非常相似。使用多阈值模型，我们没有发现BNHI恐惧和BNHI恐惧症之间存在质的差异的证据。恐惧的家族聚集似乎完全归因于加性遗传方差。对此可能的例外是对疾病的恐惧，它与BNHI恐惧症一样，似乎由于共同的环境因素而在家族中聚集。尽管区分家族相似性原因的能力较低，但结果表明随机创伤事件和一些社会学习可能是BNHI恐惧症发病的原因。约三分之二的方差是个体特异性环境因素，可能包括基因型×环境相互作用和测量误差。
