Buballa Michael, Hosek Jirí, Oertel Micaela
Institut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2003 May 9;90(18):182002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.182002. Epub 2003 May 8.
The analysis of color-superconducting two-flavor deconfined quark matter at moderate densities is extended to include a particular spin-1 Cooper pairing of those quarks which do not participate in the standard spin-0 diquark condensate. (i) The relativistic spin-1 gap delta(') implies spontaneous breakdown of rotation invariance manifested in the form of the quasifermion dispersion law. (ii) The critical temperature of the anisotropic component is approximately given by the relation T(')(c) approximately delta(')(T=0)/3. (iii) For massless fermions the gas of anisotropic Bogolyubov-Valatin quasiquarks becomes effectively gapless and two dimensional. Consequently, its specific heat depends quadratically on temperature. (iv) All collective Nambu-Goldstone excitations of the anisotropic phase have a linear dispersion law and the whole system remains a superfluid. (v) The system exhibits an electromagnetic Meissner effect.
对中等密度下的色超导双味解禁闭夸克物质的分析得到扩展，将那些不参与标准自旋 - 0 双夸克凝聚的夸克的特定自旋 - 1 库珀配对包括在内。(i) 相对论性自旋 - 1 能隙Δ'意味着旋转不变性的自发破缺，这以准费米子色散定律的形式体现。(ii) 各向异性分量的临界温度大致由关系Tc≈Δ'(T = 0)/3给出。(iii) 对于无质量费米子，各向异性的博戈留波夫 - 瓦拉廷准夸克气体有效地变为无能隙且二维的。因此，其比热与温度成二次方关系。(iv) 各向异性相的所有集体南布 - 戈德斯通激发都具有线性色散定律，并且整个系统保持为超流体。(v) 该系统表现出电磁迈斯纳效应。
