Jansson Charlotta, Johansson Susanne, Lindh-Astrand Lotta, Hoffmann Mikael, Hammar Mats
Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, S-581 85, Linkoping, Sweden.
Maturitas. 2003 Jun 30;45(2):129-35. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5122(03)00127-0.
Some extragenital symptoms have been suggested to be associated with the menopause and thus to be affected by estrogen status. In such case extragenital symptoms may be more frequent in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) than in premenopausal women or women using HRT.
To assess if the prevalence of a number of extragenital symptoms is higher in postmenopausal women without than with HRT, or in premenopausal women of the same age.
All women aged 53 and 54 years in the community of Linköping (n=1760) were sent a validated questionnaire about use of HRT, time since last menstruation and about different extragenital symptoms.
1298 (73.8%) women answered the questionnaire and answers from 1180 (67%) women were possible to analyze. Postmenopausal women woke up significantly more often during night than premenopausal, and those without HRT often due to hot flushes and sweating. Women with HRT reported more muscular pain than the others. We found no other significant difference in prevalence of extragenital symptoms between the three groups of women.
Sleeping disorders, arthralgia, xerophthalmia, xerostomia and dry skin are not more prevalent in 53 and 54 years old postmenopausal women without HRT than in women with HRT or in premenopausal women of the same age. It may still be that some of these symptoms are related to estrogen deficiency, but do not develop until some years after menopause. It may also be that women with the most severe symptoms decided to use HRT and thereby decreased symptoms to the same level as in non-users.
一些生殖器外症状被认为与更年期有关，因此会受到雌激素状态的影响。在这种情况下，未接受激素替代疗法（HRT）的绝经后女性出现生殖器外症状的频率可能比绝经前女性或使用HRT的女性更高。
评估未接受HRT的绝经后女性与接受HRT的绝经后女性相比，或者与同年龄段的绝经前女性相比，一些生殖器外症状的患病率是否更高。
向林雪平社区所有53岁和54岁的女性（n = 1760）发送了一份经过验证的问卷，内容涉及HRT的使用情况、末次月经时间以及各种生殖器外症状。
1298名（73.8%）女性回答了问卷，其中1180名（67%）女性的答案可供分析。绝经后女性夜间醒来的频率明显高于绝经前女性，未接受HRT的绝经后女性夜间醒来通常是由于潮热和出汗。使用HRT的女性报告的肌肉疼痛比其他女性更多。我们发现三组女性在生殖器外症状患病率方面没有其他显著差异。
在53岁和54岁未接受HRT的绝经后女性中，睡眠障碍、关节痛、干眼症、口干症和皮肤干燥并不比接受HRT的女性或同年龄段的绝经前女性更普遍。这些症状中的一些可能仍然与雌激素缺乏有关，但直到绝经后几年才会出现。也有可能是症状最严重的女性决定使用HRT，从而使症状减轻到与未使用者相同的水平。
