Inzeo Dana, Tyson Leslie
Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2003 May-Jun;7(3):332-3. doi: 10.1188/03.CJON.332-333.
Dyspnea is a subjective sensation of breathlessness. This distressing symptom is experienced by many patients with lung cancer and often is accompanied by physiologic signs and symptoms, such as tachypnea, tachycardia, pallor, and cyanosis. Dyspnea-induced hypoxia may occur and cause confusion, cognitive impairment, and restlessness. Prompt and accurate nursing assessment of dyspnea can assist in identifying appropriate treatment interventions. Supplemental oxygenation and medications, along with treatment of the underlying cause of the dyspnea, may promote patient comfort. Nurses need to be skilled in assessing dyspnea experienced by patients with lung cancer and knowledgeable in implementing effective symptom management techniques.
呼吸困难是一种主观的呼吸急促感觉。许多肺癌患者都会经历这种令人痛苦的症状，并且通常伴有生理体征和症状，如呼吸急促、心动过速、面色苍白和发绀。呼吸困难引起的缺氧可能会发生，并导致意识模糊、认知障碍和烦躁不安。对呼吸困难进行及时准确的护理评估有助于确定适当的治疗干预措施。补充氧气和使用药物，以及治疗呼吸困难的根本原因，可能会提高患者的舒适度。护士需要熟练评估肺癌患者所经历的呼吸困难，并精通实施有效的症状管理技术。
