当机遇来敲门：目标的自下而上手段启动及其对自我调节的影响。

When opportunity knocks: bottom-up priming of goals by means and its effects on self-regulation.

作者信息

Shah James Y, Kruglanski Arie W

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA.

出版信息

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Jun;84(6):1109-22. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1109.

DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1109

PMID:12793579

Abstract

Four studies using general attribute goals or specific task goals revealed that attainment means cognitively activate the goals they are perceived to serve. A range of means replicated this effect including goal-directed activities, specific behavioral strategies, or opportunities, assumed to afford effective goal pursuit. The increased accessibility of a currently pursued goal due to "bottom-up" priming by its attainment means improved task persistence and performance, whereas a similarly increased accessibility of a competing goal impeded task persistence and performance.

摘要

四项使用一般属性目标或特定任务目标的研究表明，达成手段在认知上激活了人们认为它们所服务的目标。一系列手段都重复了这一效应，包括目标导向活动、特定行为策略或机会，这些都被认为有助于有效地追求目标。由于当前追求的目标通过其达成手段进行“自下而上”的启动，其可及性增加，从而提高了任务坚持性和表现，而竞争目标类似地增加的可及性则阻碍了任务坚持性和表现。