Donovan John J, Williams Kevin J
Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0436, USA.
J Appl Psychol. 2003 Jun;88(3):379-90. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.379.
In an attempt to extend past goal setting research, the present study examined the influence of goal-performance discrepancies (GPDs), causal attributions, and temporal factors on the process of dynamic self-regulation. Goal revision processes were examined longitudinally in a sample of 100 varsity-level college track and field athletes over the course of an 8-week competitive season. The results indicate that an individual's GPD significantly predicted the amount of goal revision engaged in by the athletes, such that participants were more likely to lower their competition (proximal) and season (distal) goals when they failed to reach these goals and their respective GPDs were large. However, as hypothesized, this relationship was moderated by stability attributions and the temporal location of the individual with respect to the time period allotted for goal attainment. Implications for future research in the area of goal setting and dynamic self-regulation are discussed.
为了拓展以往的目标设定研究，本研究考察了目标-绩效差异（GPDs）、因果归因和时间因素对动态自我调节过程的影响。在一个为期8周的竞技赛季中，对100名大学一级田径运动员进行了纵向研究，考察了目标修订过程。结果表明，个体的GPD显著预测了运动员进行目标修订的程度，即当参与者未能达到这些目标且其各自的GPD较大时，他们更有可能降低其比赛（近端）和赛季（远端）目标。然而，正如所假设的，这种关系受到稳定性归因以及个体相对于目标达成所规定时间段的时间位置的调节。文中讨论了对未来目标设定和动态自我调节领域研究的启示。
