Jensen Elwood V, Jordan V Craig
Department of Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):1980-9.
The identification of the estrogen receptor (ER) in the laboratory provided a mechanism to describe the target site specificity of estrogen action in uterus, vagina, pituitary gland, and breast cancer. Most importantly, a test was established to predict the outcome of antihormonal therapy in breast cancer, and a target was identified to develop new drugs for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. The development of tamoxifen for the treatment of all stages of ER-positive breast cancers has resulted in the improved survival of breast cancer patients. However, the recognition of selective ER modulation, i.e., estrogen-like action in bones and lowering circulating cholesterol but antiestrogenic actions in breast and uterus, has resulted in the development of multifunctional medicines with the goal of preventing not only breast and uterine cancer but also osteoporosis and coronary heart disease.
实验室中雌激素受体（ER）的鉴定提供了一种机制，用于描述雌激素在子宫、阴道、垂体和乳腺癌中作用的靶位点特异性。最重要的是，建立了一项测试来预测乳腺癌抗激素治疗的结果，并确定了一个靶点以开发用于治疗和预防乳腺癌的新药。他莫昔芬用于治疗各阶段ER阳性乳腺癌，使乳腺癌患者的生存率得到了提高。然而，对选择性ER调节作用的认识，即在骨骼中具有雌激素样作用并降低循环胆固醇，但在乳腺和子宫中具有抗雌激素作用，促使了多功能药物的开发，其目标不仅是预防乳腺癌和子宫癌，还包括骨质疏松症和冠心病。
