Roshani H, Dabhoiwala N F, Dijkhuis T, Pfaffendorf M, Boon T A, Lamers W H
Department of Urology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Urol. 2003 Jul;170(1):264-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000071964.04804.e4.
We evaluated in vivo the role of muscarinic receptors on ureteral peristaltic frequency and contraction force in a large animal model using pharmacological manipulation.
A total of 12 female pigs weighing a mean +/- SEM of 72 +/- 4 kg were chronically instrumented using an electronic pressure monitoring catheter in the right ureter. Furthermore, nephrostomy, arterial, venous and cystostomy catheters were placed. Ureteral peristalsis was repeatedly recorded before and after the administration of atropine and carbachol.
Systemic and local effects of the 2 agents were observed. Compared with controls we recorded an increase in mean ureteral peristaltic frequency (2.0 +/- 0.3 versus 1.6 +/- 0.6 minutes-1, p <0.05) and mean contraction force (50.1 +/- 1.4 versus 45.3 +/- 1.7 cm H(2)O, p <0.05) during renal pelvis perfusion with 0.25 ml per minute saline. Administration of atropine or carbachol modulated neither the force of contraction nor the frequency of ureteral peristalsis in vivo (p >0.05).
Smooth muscle motor activity at the mid and distal ureter is not modulated by muscarinic receptors. Peristaltic frequency is directly related to the pyelocaliceal load during a rate of diuresis not exceeding animal normal diuresis plus 0.25 ml per minute. Ureteral contraction force increases only in the mid ureter with increased diuresis.
我们使用药理学操作在大型动物模型中对毒蕈碱受体在输尿管蠕动频率和收缩力方面的作用进行了体内评估。
总共12只体重平均±标准误为72±4 kg的雌性猪，通过在右输尿管植入电子压力监测导管进行长期监测。此外，还放置了肾造瘘管、动脉导管、静脉导管和膀胱造瘘管。在给予阿托品和卡巴胆碱前后反复记录输尿管蠕动情况。
观察到了这两种药物的全身和局部效应。与对照组相比，在肾盂以每分钟0.25 ml生理盐水灌注期间，我们记录到平均输尿管蠕动频率增加（2.0±0.3对1.6±0.6次/分钟，p<0.05）以及平均收缩力增加（50.1±1.4对45.3±1.7 cm H₂O，p<0.05）。在体内给予阿托品或卡巴胆碱对收缩力或输尿管蠕动频率均无调节作用（p>0.05）。
输尿管中、下段的平滑肌运动活动不受毒蕈碱受体调节。在利尿速率不超过动物正常利尿量加每分钟0.25 ml时，蠕动频率与肾盂负荷直接相关。输尿管收缩力仅在输尿管中段随利尿增加而增强。
