Nicolai T, Carr D, Weiland S K, Duhme H, von Ehrenstein O, Wagner C, von Mutius E
University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Eur Respir J. 2003 Jun;21(6):956-63. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00041103a.
Conflicting results have been reported for the relationship between traffic exposure and inception of atopy. The effect of traffic on the prevalence of asthma and atopy at school age was investigated in a representative population. Random samples of schoolchildren (n=7,509, response rate 83.7%) were studied using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood phase-II protocol with skin-prick tests, measurements of specific immunoglobulin E and lung function. Traffic exposure was assessed via traffic counts and by an emission model which predicted soot, benzene and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Traffic counts were associated with current asthma, wheeze and cough. In children with tobacco-smoke exposure, traffic volume was additionally associated with a positive skin-prick test. Cough was associated with soot, benzene and NO2, current asthma with soot and benzene, and current wheeze with benzene and NO2. No pollutant was associated with allergic sensitisation. High vehicle traffic was associated with asthma, cough and wheeze, and in children additionally exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, with allergic sensitisation. However, effects of socioeconomic factors associated with living close to busy roads cannot be ruled out.
关于交通暴露与特应性疾病初发之间的关系，已有相互矛盾的研究结果报道。在一个具有代表性的人群中，研究了交通对学龄期哮喘和特应性疾病患病率的影响。采用儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究第二阶段方案，通过皮肤点刺试验、特异性免疫球蛋白E测定和肺功能检测，对随机抽取的学童样本（n = 7509，应答率83.7%）进行了研究。通过交通流量计数和预测烟尘、苯和二氧化氮（NO2）的排放模型评估交通暴露情况。交通流量计数与当前哮喘、喘息和咳嗽相关。在有烟草烟雾暴露的儿童中，交通流量还与皮肤点刺试验阳性相关。咳嗽与烟尘、苯和NO2相关，当前哮喘与烟尘和苯相关，当前喘息与苯和NO2相关。没有污染物与过敏致敏相关。高交通流量与哮喘、咳嗽和喘息相关，在额外暴露于环境烟草烟雾的儿童中，还与过敏致敏相关。然而，不能排除与居住在繁忙道路附近相关的社会经济因素的影响。
