Marcilla A, Bargues M D, Abad-Franch F, Panzera F, Carcavallo R U, Noireau F, Galvão C, Jurberg J, Miles M A, Dujardin J P, Mas-Coma S
Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Infect Genet Evol. 2002 May;1(3):225-35. doi: 10.1016/s1567-1348(02)00029-1.
Panstrongylus species are widely distributed throughout the Americas, where they act as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, agent of Chagas disease. Their intraspecific relationships, taxonomic position and phylogeny in relation to other Triatomini were explored using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequence polymorphisms and maximum parsimony, distance and maximum likelihood analyses of 10 populations representing six species of the genus (P. megistus, P. geniculatus, P. rufotuberculatus, P. lignarius, P. herreri and P. chinai). At the subspecific level, P. megistus appeared more homogeneous than P. rufotuberculatus and P. geniculatus (both with broader distribution). Several dinucleotide microsatellites were detected in the sequences of given species. Many of these microsatellites (GC, TA, GT and AT) showed different number of repeats in different populations and thus, may be very useful for population differentiation and dynamics analyses in future studies. The sequences of P. lignarius (considered sylvatic) and P. herreri (a major disease vector in Peru) were identical, suggesting that these species should be synonymised. Intrageneric analysis showed a clear separation of P. rufotuberculatus, with closest relationships between P. geniculatus and P. chinai, and P. megistus occupying a separate branch. Genetic distances between Panstrongylus species (0.11585-0.22131) were higher than those between Panstrongylus and other Triatomini (16 species from central and North America and South America) (0.08617-0.11039). The distance between P. megistus and P. lignarius/herreri (0.22131) was the largest so far recorded in the tribe. The pronounced differences in length and nucleotide composition suggest a relatively old divergence of Panstrongylus species. P. rufotuberculatus was closer to Mesoamerican Triatoma, Meccus and Dipetalogaster species than to other Panstrongylus. All Panstrongylus clustered with the Mesoamerican clade; P. rufotuberculatus clustered with the phyllosoma complex and T. dimidiata, with D. maxima and T. barberi in a basal position. The rest of Panstrongylus appeared paraphyletically in the tree. This is evidence suggesting polyphyly within the genus Panstrongylus, whose species may be related to the ancestors giving rise to central and North American Triatomini.
锥猎蝽属物种广泛分布于美洲各地，它们作为克氏锥虫（恰加斯病的病原体）的传播媒介。利用核糖体DNA（rDNA）内转录间隔区2（ITS-2）序列多态性以及对代表该属6个物种（巨锥猎蝽、膝形锥猎蝽、红瘤锥猎蝽、木锥猎蝽、赫氏锥猎蝽和中华锥猎蝽）的10个种群进行最大简约法、距离法和最大似然法分析，探讨了它们的种内关系、分类地位以及与其他锥猎蝽亚科昆虫的系统发育关系。在亚种水平上，巨锥猎蝽比红瘤锥猎蝽和膝形锥猎蝽（两者分布更广）表现出更高的同质性。在给定物种的序列中检测到了几个二核苷酸微卫星。这些微卫星中的许多（GC、TA、GT和AT）在不同种群中显示出不同的重复次数，因此，在未来的研究中可能对种群分化和动态分析非常有用。木锥猎蝽（被认为是野生型）和赫氏锥猎蝽（秘鲁的主要疾病传播媒介）的序列相同，这表明这些物种应被视为同义词。属内分析显示红瘤锥猎蝽明显分化，膝形锥猎蝽和中华锥猎蝽关系最近，巨锥猎蝽占据一个单独的分支。锥猎蝽属物种之间的遗传距离（0.11585 - 0.22131）高于锥猎蝽属与其他锥猎蝽亚科昆虫（来自中美洲、北美洲和南美洲的16个物种）之间的遗传距离（0.08617 - 0.11039）。巨锥猎蝽与木锥猎蝽/赫氏锥猎蝽之间的距离（0.22131）是该族迄今为止记录到的最大距离。长度和核苷酸组成的显著差异表明锥猎蝽属物种的分化时间相对较早。红瘤锥猎蝽与中美洲锥猎蝽属、麦氏锥猎蝽属和二带锥猎蝽属物种的关系比与其他锥猎蝽属物种的关系更近。所有锥猎蝽属物种都与中美洲分支聚类；红瘤锥猎蝽与叶形复合体和二斑锥猎蝽聚类，大斑锥猎蝽和巴氏锥猎蝽处于基部位置。其余的锥猎蝽属物种在树中呈并系分布。这表明锥猎蝽属内存在多系性，其物种可能与产生中美洲和北美洲锥猎蝽亚科昆虫的祖先有关。
