Flint Robert W, Turek Crystal
Department of Psychology, The College of Saint Rose, 432 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12203-1490, USA.
Behav Brain Res. 2003 Jun 16;142(1-2):217-28. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00002-0.
Increases in plasma blood glucose levels modulate memory, mood, and, to some extent, attention in adults. Participants in the present study were administered glucose (10, 100, and 500 mg/kg, or 50 g) or placebo (23.7 mg saccharin) shortly prior to completing the test of variables of attention (TOVA), a continuous performance test (CPT) commonly used to assess attention for diagnostic purposes. There were significant increases in blood glucose levels for the 500 mg/kg and 50 g groups, but only the 100 mg/kg group showed significant changes in behavior in comparison to the saccharin group. Specifically, the 100 mg/kg group performed worse on measures of commission errors, post-commission responses, and post-commission response time variability. There were no differences among the groups on other major variables of attention, including omission errors, response time, and response time variability. The results of this study demonstrate that large doses of glucose which increase blood glucose levels do not influence attention, but that a moderate dose (100 mg/kg) selectively impairs measures of impulsivity or disinhibition. Practitioners and researchers should maintain an awareness of dietary effects on attention and continue to examine micronutrients as potential confounds on diagnostic tests of cognition and behavior.
血浆血糖水平的升高会调节成年人的记忆力、情绪，在一定程度上还会影响注意力。本研究的参与者在完成注意力变量测试（TOVA）——一种常用于诊断目的的持续性操作测试（CPT）——前不久，被给予葡萄糖（10、100和500毫克/千克，或50克）或安慰剂（23.7毫克糖精）。500毫克/千克和50克组的血糖水平显著升高，但与糖精组相比，只有100毫克/千克组在行为上出现了显著变化。具体而言，100毫克/千克组在错误 commission、错误 commission 后的反应以及错误 commission 后反应时间变异性的测量上表现更差。在其他主要注意力变量上，包括遗漏错误、反应时间和反应时间变异性，各组之间没有差异。本研究结果表明，大幅提高血糖水平的大剂量葡萄糖不会影响注意力，但中等剂量（100毫克/千克）会选择性地损害冲动性或抑制解除的测量指标。从业者和研究人员应意识到饮食对注意力的影响，并继续研究微量营养素作为认知和行为诊断测试中潜在混杂因素的情况。
