The Government of India has been providing limited maternal and child health services through its Family Welfare programme, but this system is characterised by weaknesses that include inefficient work schedules; non-availability of functioning equipment; poor contraceptive and drug supplies; poor skills and knowledge of health workers; and poor access to services in villages without health centres. For the new Reproductive and Child Health programme to deliver an even wider range of services, the health system will need to be strengthened and the quality of service delivery improved. This paper describes a seven-year operations research project in Parner block, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India, undertaken by the Foundation for Research in Health Systems in partnership with state and district health administrations. It shows the feasibility of establishing a more efficient system, with a minimum of affordable inputs, that increases the use of services by women. Four critical policy changes were implemented: service delivery in each village was changed from household visits to a clinic base, stringent monitoring mechanisms were put in place, in-service training for health workers was instituted and the range of services was gradually increased. This experience is now being applied more widely, with eventual phasing up to full district and state level.