Excitatory and inhibitory intensity tuning in auditory cortex: evidence for multiple inhibitory mechanisms.

The intensity tuning of excitatory and suppressive domain frequency response areas was investigated in 230 cat primary auditory cortical and 92 posterior auditory field neurons. Suppressive domains were explored using simultaneous 2-tone stimulation with one tone at the best excitatory frequency. The intensity tuning of excitatory and suppressive domains was negatively correlated, supporting the hypothesis that inhibitory sidebands are related to excitatory domain intensity tuning. To further test this hypothesis, we compared the slopes of the edges of suppressive bands to the intensity tuning of excitatory domains. Edges of suppressive bands next to excitatory domains had slopes significantly more slanted toward the excitatory area in neurons with intensity-tuned excitatory domains. This relationship was not observed for suppressive band edges not next to the excitatory domain (e.g., the lower edge of lower suppressive bands). This indicates that intensity tuning ultimately observed in the excitatory domain results from overlapping excitatory and inhibitory inputs. In combination with results using forward masking, our results suggest that there are separate early and late sources of inhibition contributing to cortical frequency response areas, and only the early-stage inhibition contributes to excitatory domain intensity tuning.