Chute Douglas L
Drexel University & Medical College of Pennsylvania/Hahnemann University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2002 Oct;17(5):369-77. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200210000-00001.
To provide an introduction and a conceptual context for the articles presented in this special edition of the Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation on neuropsychological technologies.
Many clinical assessments in neuropsychology are metamorphosing from a psychometric search for a lesion to a functional image of the working brain. Behavioral probes increasingly employ technology to provide more ecologically valid stimuli to elicit diagnostically relevant responses. Intervention strategies include an expanding range of assistive devices and technologically based treatments. The advent of the microprocessor and discipline specific programming have allowed certain aspects of rehabilitation practice to incorporate these new assessment and intervention strategies. For example, the development of neuropsychological technologies has already lead to computer based prosthetics and orthotics, cognitive probes with millisecond accurate links to functional imaging, virtual reality managed ecological assessments, cognitive retraining, assistive devices, and online, and "real-time" database-driven evaluations. Emerging technologies offer the potential for personal, portable, everyday brain imaging and rehabilitation systems. Few psychologists, physiatrists, or allied health professionals are formally trained in technological development. What has emerged thus far is a collection of individual efforts that remain to be integrated into more comprehensive tools for the rehabilitation professions. The selective history of neuropsychological technologies presented here is meant to illustrate past difficulties in the emergence of this sub-specialty and point to new applications and technological integration that may prove fruitful. The convergence of neuroengineering, adaptive assessments, everyday neuroimaging, neuroinformatics, and educational neuroimaging, presage such future developments in neuropsychological technologies.
为《头部创伤康复杂志》本期关于神经心理学技术的特刊文章提供介绍和概念背景。
神经心理学中的许多临床评估正从对损伤的心理测量性探索转变为对工作大脑的功能成像。行为探测越来越多地采用技术来提供更具生态效度的刺激，以引出具有诊断相关性的反应。干预策略包括范围不断扩大的辅助设备和基于技术的治疗方法。微处理器的出现和特定学科的编程使康复实践的某些方面能够纳入这些新的评估和干预策略。例如，神经心理学技术的发展已经带来了基于计算机的假肢和矫形器、与功能成像有毫秒级精确关联的认知探测、虚拟现实管理的生态评估、认知再训练、辅助设备以及在线和“实时”数据库驱动的评估。新兴技术为个人、便携式的日常大脑成像和康复系统提供了潜力。很少有心理学家、物理治疗师或相关健康专业人员接受过技术开发方面的正规培训。到目前为止出现的是一系列个人努力，这些努力仍有待整合到更全面的康复专业工具中。这里呈现的神经心理学技术的选择性历史旨在说明该子专业出现过程中过去遇到的困难，并指出可能富有成效的新应用和技术整合。神经工程学、适应性评估、日常神经成像、神经信息学和教育神经成像的融合预示着神经心理学技术未来的此类发展。
