减少工作时长的女医生的特征与结局

Characteristics and outcomes for women physicians who work reduced hours.

作者信息

Carr Phyllis L, Gareis Karen C, Barnett Rosalind C

机构信息

Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Room L109, Boston, MA 02118, USA.

出版信息

J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003 May;12(4):399-405. doi: 10.1089/154099903765448916.

DOI:10.1089/154099903765448916

PMID:12804347

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To understand the characteristics of women physicians who work reduced hours in dual-earner couples and how such work schedules affect the quality of the marital role, parental role, and job role, as well as indicators of psychological distress, burnout, career satisfaction, and life satisfaction.

METHODS

Survey of a random sample of female physicians between 25 and 50 years of age, working within 25 miles of Boston, whose names were obtained from the Registry of Board Certification in Medicine in Massachusetts. Interviewers conducted a 60-minute face-to-face close-ended interview after a 20-minute mailed questionnaire had been completed.

RESULTS

Fifty-one full-time physicians and 47 reduced-hours physicians completed the study, for a completion rate of 49.5%. There was no difference in age, number of years as a physician, mean household income, number of children, or presence of an infant in the home between reduced-hours and full-time physicians. Reduced-hours physicians, however, were more likely to be in a generalist specialty (40% vs. 12%, p = 0.001) and to spend a greater portion of their time in patient care (64.5% vs. 50.1%, p = 0.003) and less time in research (4.9% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.002) than full-time physicians. In addition, there was no difference between the two groups in the perception of work interfering with family life (1.8 vs. 1.7, p = 0.17; scale 1-7 with 7 high) or family life interfering with work (1.4 vs. 1.5, p = 0.62). Physicians who worked their preferred number of hours (25% of full-time and 57% of reduced-hours physicians), regardless of full-time (self-reported hours 35-90 hours per week) or reduced-hours (20-60 hours per week) status, reported better job role quality (r = 0.35, p = 0.001), schedule fit (r = 0.41, p < or = 0.001), lower burnout (r = -0.22, p = 0.03), better marital role quality (r = 0.28, p = 0.006), and higher life satisfaction (r = 0.29, p = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS

Women physicians who work their preferred number of hours achieve the best balance of work and family outcomes.

摘要

目的

了解在双职工家庭中减少工作时长的女医生的特征，以及这种工作安排如何影响婚姻角色、父母角色和工作角色的质量，以及心理困扰、职业倦怠、职业满意度和生活满意度指标。

方法

对年龄在25至50岁之间、在波士顿25英里范围内工作的女医生进行随机抽样调查，其姓名从马萨诸塞州医学委员会认证登记处获取。在完成一份20分钟的邮寄问卷后，访谈者进行了一次60分钟的面对面封闭式访谈。

结果

51名全职医生和47名减少工作时长的医生完成了研究，完成率为49.5%。减少工作时长的医生与全职医生在年龄、行医年限、平均家庭收入、子女数量或家中是否有婴儿方面没有差异。然而，与全职医生相比，减少工作时长的医生更有可能从事普通专科（40%对12%，p = 0.001），并且在患者护理上花费的时间比例更大（64.5%对50.1%，p = 0.003），而在研究上花费的时间更少（4.9%对18.0%，p = 0.002）。此外，两组在工作干扰家庭生活的认知（1.8对1.7，p = 0.17；1 - 7分制，7分为高分）或家庭生活干扰工作的认知（1.4对1.5，p = 0.62）方面没有差异。无论全职（自我报告每周工作35 - 90小时）还是减少工作时长（每周20 - 60小时）状态，按自己偏好的工作时长工作的医生（全职医生的25%和减少工作时长医生的57%）报告的工作角色质量更好（r = 0.35，p = 0.001）、工作安排契合度更高（r = 0.41，p≤0.001）、职业倦怠更低（r = -0.22，p = 0.03）、婚姻角色质量更好（r = 0.28，p = 0.006）以及生活满意度更高（r = .....