Romanovskaya A A, Gytarsky M L, Karaban R T, Konyushkov D E, Nazarov I M
Institute of Global Climate & Ecology, Moscow, Russia.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2001 Oct 10;1 Suppl 2:336-42. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2001.92.
The intensity of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was considered based on literature data on the single input of mineral N (nitrogen) fertilizers into different agricultural soil types in Russia. Ambient environmental factors exert a combined effect on the process of gaseous nitrogen formation from fertilizers applied. To reduce the uncertainty of estimates as much as possible, only experimental results obtained under conditions similar to natural were selected for the assessments. Mineral nitric fertilizers were applied to soil at a rate of 40 to 75 kg/ha and the N2O emissions were measured for approximately 140 days. Daily average emission values varied from 0.08 to 0.45% of fertilizer nitrogen. Correspondingly, 1.26 and 2.38% of fertilizer nitrogen were emitted as N2O from chernozems and soddy podzols. In 1990, the use of fertilizers in Russian agricultural practices for 53 Gg N2O-N, which equates to approximately 6.1% of global nitrous oxide emissions from nitric fertilizers. Later, the emission dropped because of a decrease in the input of nitric fertilizers to agricultural crops, and in 1998, it constituted just 20.5% of the 1990 level. In the period from 2008 to 2012, the nitrous oxide emission is expected to vary from 0.5 to 65.0 Gg N2O-N due to possible changes in national agricultural development. In the most likely scenario, the use of mineral fertilizers in Russia will account for approximately 34 to 40 Gg N2O-N emissions annually from 2008-2012.
一氧化二氮（N₂O）排放强度是根据俄罗斯不同农业土壤类型单次投入矿物氮肥（氮）的文献数据来确定的。环境因素对施肥后气态氮形成过程具有综合影响。为尽可能降低估算的不确定性，评估仅选用在类似自然条件下获得的实验结果。矿物氮肥以40至75千克/公顷的用量施用于土壤，并测量了约140天的N₂O排放量。日均排放值为肥料氮的0.08%至0.45%。相应地，黑钙土和灰化土中分别有1.26%和2.38%的肥料氮以N₂O形式排放。1990年，俄罗斯农业实践中肥料使用产生的N₂O-N排放量为53千兆克，约占全球氮肥一氧化二氮排放量的6.1%。后来，由于施用于农作物的氮肥投入减少，排放量下降，1998年，其仅为1990年水平的20.5%。在2008年至2012年期间，由于国家农业发展可能发生变化，一氧化二氮排放量预计在0.5至65.0千兆克N₂O-N之间变化。在最可能的情况下，2008 - 2012年俄罗斯矿物肥料的使用将导致每年约34至40千兆克N₂O-N的排放。
