Ray J D
National Park Service, Air Resources Division, 12795 W. Alameda Parkway, P.O. Box 25287, Denver, CO 80225-0287, USA.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2001 Sep 28;1:483-97. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2001.83.
The National Park Service (NPS) has tested and used passive ozone samplers for several years to get baseline values for parks and to determine the spatial variability within parks. Experience has shown that the Ogawa passive samplers can provide +/-10% accuracy when used with a quality assurance program consisting of blanks, duplicates, collocated instrumentation, and a standard operating procedure that carefully guides site operators. Although the passive device does not meet EPA criteria as a certified method (mainly, that hourly values be measured), it does provide seasonal summed values of ozone. The seasonal ozone concentrations from the passive devices can be compared to other monitoring to determine baseline values, trends, and spatial variations. This point is illustrated with some kriged interpolation maps of ozone statistics. Passive ozone samplers were used to get elevational gradients and spatial distributions of ozone within a park. This was done in varying degrees at Mount Rainier, Olympic, Sequoia-Kings Canyon, Yosemite, Joshua Tree, Rocky Mountain, and Great Smoky Mountains national parks. The ozone has been found to vary by factors of 2 and 3 within a park when average ozone is compared between locations. Specific examples of the spatial distributions of ozone in three parks within California are given using interpolation maps. Positive aspects and limitations of the passive sampling approach are presented.
美国国家公园管理局（NPS）多年来一直在测试和使用被动式臭氧采样器，以获取公园的基线值，并确定公园内的空间变异性。经验表明，当与由空白样本、重复样本、并置仪器以及精心指导现场操作人员的标准操作程序组成的质量保证计划一起使用时，小川被动采样器可提供±10%的准确度。尽管这种被动式设备作为一种经认证的方法（主要是测量每小时的值）不符合美国环境保护局（EPA）的标准，但它确实能提供臭氧的季节性总和值。被动式设备测得的季节性臭氧浓度可与其他监测数据进行比较，以确定基线值、趋势和空间变化。这一点通过一些臭氧统计数据的克里格插值图得到了说明。被动式臭氧采样器被用于获取公园内臭氧的海拔梯度和空间分布。雷尼尔山、奥林匹克、红杉-国王峡谷、优胜美地、约书亚树、落基山和大雾山国家公园都在不同程度上进行了此项工作。当比较不同地点的平均臭氧含量时，发现公园内的臭氧含量相差2至3倍。利用插值图给出了加利福尼亚州三个公园内臭氧空间分布的具体例子。介绍了被动采样方法的积极方面和局限性。
