Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa
Centro Colaborador da Organização Mundial de Saúde para Arbovírus, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2003 Mar-Apr;36(2):275-93. doi: 10.1590/s0037-86822003000200012. Epub 2003 Jun 10.
Yellow fever is an infectious and non-contagious disease caused by an arbovirus, the yellow fever virus. The agent is maintained in jungle cycles among primates as vertebrate hosts and mosquitoes, especially Aedes in Africa, and Haemagogus and Sabethes in America. Approximately 90% of the infections are mild or asymptomatic, while 10% course to a severe clinical picture with 50% case-fatality rate. Yellow fever is largely distributed in Africa where urban epidemics are still reported. In South America, between 1970-2001, 4,543 cases were reported, mostly from Peru (51.5%), Bolivia (20.1%) and Brazil (18.7%). The disease is diagnosed by serology (detection of IgM), virus isolation, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Yellow fever is a zoonosis and cannot be eradicated, but it is preventable in man by using the 17D vaccine. A single dose is enough to protect an individual for at least 10 years, after which revaccination is recommended. In this paper, the main concepts about yellow fever as well as the fatal adverse effects of the vaccine are updated.
黄热病是一种由虫媒病毒即黄热病毒引起的传染性非接触性疾病。该病原体在丛林中以灵长类动物作为脊椎动物宿主，通过蚊子传播，在非洲主要是伊蚊，在美洲则是趋血蚊属和萨氏蚊属。大约90%的感染为轻度或无症状感染，而10%会发展为严重的临床症状，病死率达50%。黄热病主要分布在非洲，那里仍有城市疫情报告。在南美洲，1970年至2001年期间，共报告了4543例病例，大部分来自秘鲁（51.5%）、玻利维亚（20.1%）和巴西（18.7%）。该病通过血清学（检测IgM）、病毒分离、免疫组织化学和逆转录聚合酶链反应进行诊断。黄热病是人畜共患病，无法根除，但通过使用17D疫苗可在人群中预防。单剂量疫苗足以保护个体至少10年，之后建议进行复种。本文更新了关于黄热病的主要概念以及疫苗的致命不良反应。
