Garrison James, Shepherd Greene, Huddleston William L, Watson William A
North Texas Poison Center, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):217-21. doi: 10.1081/clt-120021101.
The home administration of ipecac syrup remains a recommendation in some guidelines for the management of specific pediatric poisonings. A common challenge for poison specialists is how to approach the situation when ipecac syrup is indicated but not kept in the home. This study examines whether or not ipecac syrup can be administered and produce timely emesis in this situation.
Over a 6-month period, a prospective observational study was undertaken to determine if ipecac syrup can be administered in a timely manner when it is indicated but not available in the home. Cases where ipecac syrup was indicated but not kept in the home were included if parents stated that they could obtain ipecac within 15 minutes. Timely administration and the onset of emesis were defined as < 30 min and < 60 min, respectively.
During our study 14,603 human exposures were evaluated; ipecac syrup was recommended by a poison specialist in 75 cases, and 25 of these were included in our study. Ages ranged from 1 to 6 years. The mean time to administration of ipecac from exposure time was 40 min (SD +/- 14 min). Administration of ipecac syrup occurred in < 30 min in 20% of the cases. The mean time to first emesis from exposure was 58 min (SD +/- 13). Initial emesis occurred in < 60 min in 36% of the cases.
Ipecac syrup was rarely recommended by our center and was frequently unavailable when it was recommended. Ipecac syrup often could not be administered in a timely manner because it was not kept in the home. Parents of pediatric patients who have a significant ingestion should not be referred to purchase ipecac syrup.
在一些特定儿科中毒管理指南中,仍建议在家中使用吐根糖浆。对于中毒专科医生而言,一个常见的挑战是当需要使用吐根糖浆但家中未备有该药物时应如何应对这种情况。本研究旨在探讨在这种情况下,吐根糖浆是否能够被及时使用并引发呕吐。
在6个月的时间里,开展了一项前瞻性观察性研究,以确定当需要使用吐根糖浆但家中没有时,是否能够及时给予。如果家长表示他们能够在15分钟内获取吐根糖浆,那么家中未备有吐根糖浆但需要使用的病例将被纳入研究。及时给药和呕吐发作分别定义为<30分钟和<60分钟。
在我们的研究中,共评估了14,603例人体暴露情况;中毒专科医生在75例中推荐了吐根糖浆,其中25例被纳入我们的研究。年龄范围为1至6岁。从暴露时间到给予吐根糖浆的平均时间为40分钟(标准差±14分钟)。20%的病例在<30分钟内给予了吐根糖浆。从暴露到首次呕吐的平均时间为58分钟(标准差±13分钟)。36%的病例在<60分钟内出现了首次呕吐。
我们中心很少推荐使用吐根糖浆,而且在推荐使用时,该药物经常无法获取。由于家中未备有吐根糖浆,所以通常无法及时给予。对于有大量摄入情况的儿科患者的家长,不应建议他们去购买吐根糖浆。