McMurray J Scott
Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Medical School, K4-766 CSC, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2003 Apr;50(2):363-80. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(03)00028-2.
Vocal disturbances in children are surprisingly common. Typical pathologic conditions differ, however, from those that are seen commonly in adults. Disturbances in the vibratory characteristic of the vocal folds cause dysphonia. The most common causes for dysphonia are infectious, anatomic, congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic, neurologic, or iatrogenic in nature. A child who presents with hoarseness demands a rapid and thorough assessment. Fine points during the history may provide the clinician with clues as to the correct etiologic category. Proper treatment requires an accurate diagnosis. Although some conditions are similar in the adult larynx, treatment of the pediatric larynx often differs. An understanding of the changing and growing pediatric larynx is necessary for treatment and satisfactory results.
儿童嗓音障碍出奇地常见。然而，典型的病理状况与成人中常见的情况有所不同。声带振动特性的紊乱会导致发声困难。发声困难最常见的病因本质上是感染性、解剖性、先天性、炎症性、肿瘤性、神经性或医源性的。出现声音嘶哑的儿童需要迅速且全面的评估。病史中的细节可能会为临床医生提供有关正确病因类别的线索。恰当的治疗需要准确的诊断。尽管有些情况在成人喉部相似，但小儿喉部的治疗通常有所不同。了解不断变化和生长的小儿喉部对于治疗及取得满意效果是必要的。
