Short term dynamics of diatoms in an upland stream and implications for monitoring eutrophication.

A study designed to examine the effect of intermittent diffuse nutrient inputs on diatom assemblages in a small upland stream in northern England was confounded by other changes that occurred in the stream just before fertilisation started. A flora dominated by attached diatoms changed, over a period of about 3 weeks to one dominated by motile Nitzschia spp. In the absence of any likely human causes, the most likely reason for this change was undercutting of a meander upstream, releasing fine silts which favoured motile diatoms. Changes due to fertilisation by phosphorus were also recorded, with an increase in the proportion of Epithemia in samples, possibly favoured by the lower N:P ratio caused by the increased P concentration. The implication of these changes for monitoring eutrophication and ecological status in upland streams is discussed.