Pulver Stefan R, Thirumalai Vatsala, Richards Kathryn S, Marder Eve
Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA.
J Comp Neurol. 2003 Aug 4;462(4):400-14. doi: 10.1002/cne.10767.
Dopamine and histamine are neuromodulators found in the adult stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of several crustacean species. We used antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and histamine to map the distribution and developmental acquisition of the dopamine and histamine neurons in the STNS of the lobster, Homarus americanus. Embryos, larvae, juvenile and adult animals were studied. TH labeling was present in the STNS as early as E80-85 (80-85% of embryonic development). A subset of preparations in embryos, larvae, juveniles, and adults contained 1-5 labeled somata in the stomatogastric ganglion. Histamine staining appeared in the STNS as early as E50. The distribution of both TH and histamine staining remained relatively constant through development. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that receptors for both amines are present in the embryo. Bath application of dopamine increased the frequency of the pyloric rhythm in embryos, and evidence for dopaminergic activation of peripherally initiated spiking in motor axons was seen. In embryos and adults, histamine inhibited the motor patterns produced by the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). These data suggest that the dopaminergic and histaminergic systems in H. americanus appear relatively early in development and that the effects of each are largely maintained through development.
多巴胺和组胺是在几种甲壳类动物的成体口胃神经系统（STNS）中发现的神经调质。我们使用抗酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）和组胺的抗体来绘制美洲螯龙虾STNS中多巴胺能和组胺能神经元的分布及发育过程中的获得情况。对胚胎、幼虫、幼体和成体动物进行了研究。早在胚胎发育的E80 - 85期（胚胎发育的80 - 85%），STNS中就出现了TH标记。胚胎、幼虫、幼体和成体的一部分标本在口胃神经节中有1 - 5个标记的胞体。组胺染色早在E50期就在STNS中出现。在整个发育过程中，TH和组胺染色的分布相对保持恒定。电生理记录表明胚胎中存在这两种胺类的受体。向浴槽中加入多巴胺可增加胚胎幽门节律的频率，并且观察到多巴胺能激活运动轴突中由外周引发的动作电位。在胚胎和成体中，组胺抑制口胃神经节（STG）产生的运动模式。这些数据表明，美洲螯龙虾的多巴胺能和组胺能系统在发育过程中出现得相对较早，并且每种系统的作用在发育过程中基本保持不变。
