Iakovenko S A, Trubitsin B V
Physical Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow, 117234 Russia.
Biofizika. 2003 May-Jun;48(3):480-98.
A Digital Poration System (DPS), a versatile device for electrotreatment of biological objects by electric field pulses; was designed, constructed, and implemented. A feature distinguishing DPS from the currently available electroporators based on capacitor discharge through the load is the use of a digital-to-analog converter card as a generator of pulses applied for electroporation of biological membranes, with further amplification of the pulse by both voltage and current. The shape of pulses, including bipolar pulses, is arbitrarily programmable in DPS unlike other electroporators providing exponentially decaying and square-wave pulses only. Thus, the application area of DPS is substantially extended. In DPS, many of the drawbacks inherent in capacitor electroporators are removed, including the need for an additional external pulse analyzer monitoring and logging the electroporation processes, the necessity to recharge the capacitor before any new pulse, a poor precision of setting and measuring the pulse parameters, the need for an additional generator of long-lasting low-voltage signals for electrophoresis of ions into the porated object, the need for additional AC generators for the alignment of cells before, after, and during electroporation, and the need for an additional microprocessor to control multi-pulse and/or repetitive protocols. DPS provides a slew rate of about 1 V/1 ns required for the electroporation of most mammalian somatic cells, with +/- 250 V output voltage and 500 Ohm load resistance. The application area of DPS is much wider than for the available porators. It includes electrochemotherapy, cell electrofusion, oocyte activation by mimicking calcium waves (the latter two are the crucial components of mammalian organism cloning technology), dielectrophoretic bunching and orientation ordering of cells, sorting of cells, and electrophoresis of charged species into the cells.
一种数字电穿孔系统（DPS），一种用于通过电场脉冲对生物对象进行电处理的多功能设备，已被设计、构建并投入使用。DPS与目前基于通过负载进行电容器放电的电穿孔仪的一个区别特征是，使用数模转换卡作为用于生物膜电穿孔的脉冲发生器，并通过电压和电流对脉冲进行进一步放大。与其他仅提供指数衰减脉冲和方波脉冲的电穿孔仪不同，DPS中脉冲的形状，包括双极脉冲，是可任意编程的。因此，DPS的应用领域得到了显著扩展。在DPS中，消除了电容器电穿孔仪固有的许多缺点，包括需要额外的外部脉冲分析仪来监测和记录电穿孔过程，在任何新脉冲之前需要对电容器充电，设置和测量脉冲参数的精度较差，需要额外的长寿命低压信号发生器用于将离子电泳到穿孔对象中，需要额外的交流发电机用于在电穿孔之前、之后和期间对细胞进行排列，以及需要额外的微处理器来控制多脉冲和/或重复协议。DPS提供了大多数哺乳动物体细胞电穿孔所需的约1 V/1 ns的压摆率，输出电压为+/- 250 V，负载电阻为500欧姆。DPS的应用领域比现有的电穿孔仪要广泛得多。它包括电化学疗法、细胞电融合、通过模拟钙波激活卵母细胞（后两者是哺乳动物生物体克隆技术的关键组成部分）、细胞的介电泳聚集和取向排序、细胞分选以及将带电物质电泳到细胞中。
