Tapert Susan F, McCarthy Denis M, Aarons Gregory A, Schweinsburg Alecia D, Brown Sandra A
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System Psychology Service & Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92161, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2003 May;64(3):313-21. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2003.64.313.
It has been suggested that neuropsychological functioning and cognitive factors influence substance use and treatment outcomes in youth. This study examined a model in which language skills moderate the extent to which expectancies about the positive effects of alcohol predict the persistence of alcohol involvement in youth over an 8-year period.
Participants were substance use disordered adolescents recruited from inpatient alcohol and drug treatment centers (N = 139). Exclusion criteria included major head trauma, neurological illness and psychiatric disorders. Participants were administered neuropsychological tests, expectancy questionnaires and substance involvement interviews that spanned an 8-year period from ages 16 to 24 on average. Substance involvement was assessed by self-report, collateral reports and urine toxicology screens.
Using latent class growth analysis of alcohol use over 8 years, participants were classified as abstainers, infrequent users, worse with time or frequent users. Language x Expectancy interactions were significant at all time points (p range .05 to .0001, effect size eta2 range 0.03 to 0.20). This interaction significantly predicted 8-year alcohol dependence symptoms over and above effects accounted for by covariates or main effects (F = 2.98, 5/100 df, p < .05; R2delta = 4%, beta = 0.21, p <.05).
For youths with above average language skills, positivealcohol expectancies predicted alcohol use frequency and dependence symptoms in the 8 years following treatment; expectancies were less related to outcomes for youths with poorer language scores. Results suggest that verbal skills may magnify the relationship between alcohol expectancies and drinking behavior.
有人提出，神经心理功能和认知因素会影响青少年的物质使用及治疗效果。本研究检验了一个模型，其中语言技能调节了对酒精积极作用的预期在多大程度上能预测青少年在8年期间酒精使用的持续性。
参与者是从住院酒精和药物治疗中心招募的患有物质使用障碍的青少年（N = 139）。排除标准包括严重头部外伤、神经系统疾病和精神障碍。参与者接受了神经心理测试、预期问卷和物质使用访谈，这些测试和访谈平均涵盖了从16岁到24岁的8年时间。物质使用情况通过自我报告、旁证报告和尿液毒理学筛查进行评估。
通过对8年酒精使用情况进行潜在类别增长分析，参与者被分为戒酒者、不常使用者、随时间恶化者或频繁使用者。在所有时间点，语言×预期的交互作用均显著（p值范围为0.05至0.0001，效应大小eta2范围为0.03至0.20）。这种交互作用显著预测了8年的酒精依赖症状，超出了协变量或主效应所解释的效应（F = 2.98，5/100 df，p <.05；R2delta = 4%，β = 0.21，p <.05）。
对于语言技能高于平均水平的青少年，积极的酒精预期预测了治疗后8年的酒精使用频率和依赖症状；预期与语言分数较低的青少年的结果相关性较小。结果表明，语言技能可能会放大酒精预期与饮酒行为之间的关系。
