Guldin W O, Akbarian S, Grüsser O J
Department of Physiology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany.
J Comp Neurol. 1992 Dec 15;326(3):375-401. doi: 10.1002/cne.903260306.
The cortical connections of two vestibular fields [parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) and area 3aV] were studied in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) by means of retrograde tracer techniques. Small iontophoretic or pressure injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), wheat-germ-HRP, Nuclear Yellow, and Fast Blue were administered to the cytoarchitectonic areas Ri (PIVC), 3aV, the parieto-temporal association area T3, the granular insula (Ig), and the rostral part of area 7 (7ant). The injection sites were physiologically characterized by means of microelectrode recordings and vestibular, optokinetic, or somatosensory stimulation: Area Ri is the region of the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) as defined in macaques. The neck-trunk region of area 3a (area 3aV) also contains many neurons responding to stimulation of semicircular canal receptors. Some neurons of area T3 bordering on the PIVC also receive vestibular signals, but most neurons in area T3 responded preferentially to large-field optokinetic stimulation and not to vestibular stimulation. In none of the areas mentioned were responses to otolith stimulation found. The PIVC receives inputs from frontal and parietal cortical areas, especially areas 8a, 6, 3a, 3aV, 2, and 7ant. Area T3 receives signals from the insular and retroinsular cortex, various parts of area 7, visual areas of the parieto-occipital and parieto-temporal regions (area 19) and from a sector of the upper bank of the temporal sulcus (STS-area). The cortical afferents to area 3aV stem from areas 24, 4, 6, 7ant, from other parts of the primary somatosensory cortex, the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), the retroinsular cortex (Ri), and the granular insula (Ig). In the border region of the areas 2 and 7ant, labelled neurons appeared after injections into both the PIVC and the area 3aV. This region is presumably the homologue to the vestibular area 2v of the macaque brain. In all regions cells within the contralateral cortex were less frequently labelled than cells in the homologous structures of the ipsilateral hemisphere. The cortical system for processing vestibular information about head-in-space movement consists mainly of the reciprocally interconnected areas PIVC and 3aV, and most likely of border regions of area 2 and 7ant. This "inner cortical vestibular circuit" also receives signals from two other cortical sensory systems, the somatosensory-proprioceptive system mediated by the primary somatosensory cortex and the visual movement system (optokinetic or visual flow signals). These visual movement signals reach PIVC via area 19 and area T3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
采用逆行示踪技术，在松鼠猴（僧面猴属）中研究了两个前庭区[顶岛前庭皮质（PIVC）和3aV区]的皮质连接。通过离子电渗法或压力注射，将辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）、小麦胚芽HRP、核黄和快蓝微量注入细胞构筑区Ri（PIVC）、3aV、顶颞联合区T3、颗粒岛叶（Ig）和7区前部（7ant）。通过微电极记录以及前庭、视动或体感刺激对注射部位进行生理学特征描述：区域Ri是猕猴中定义的顶岛前庭皮质（PIVC）区域。3a区的颈干区域（3aV区）也包含许多对半规管感受器刺激有反应的神经元。与PIVC相邻的T3区的一些神经元也接收前庭信号，但T3区的大多数神经元优先对大视野视动刺激有反应，而对前庭刺激无反应。在所提及的区域中均未发现对耳石刺激的反应。PIVC接收来自额叶和顶叶皮质区域的输入，尤其是8a、6、3a、3aV、2和7ant区。T3区接收来自岛叶和岛后皮质、7区的各个部分、顶枕和顶颞区域的视觉区域（19区）以及颞沟上缘的一个扇形区域（STS区）的信号。3aV区的皮质传入纤维源自24、4、6、7ant区、初级体感皮质的其他部分、次级体感皮质（SII）、岛后皮质（Ri）和颗粒岛叶（Ig）。在2区和7ant区的边界区域，向PIVC和3aV区注射后均出现了标记神经元。该区域可能是猕猴脑前庭2v区的同源物。在所有区域中，对侧皮质内的细胞被标记的频率低于同侧半球同源结构中的细胞。处理关于头部在空间中运动的前庭信息的皮质系统主要由相互连接的PIVC和3aV区组成，很可能还包括2区和7ant区的边界区域。这个“皮质内前庭回路”还接收来自其他两个皮质感觉系统的信号，即由初级体感皮质介导的体感 - 本体感觉系统和视觉运动系统（视动或视觉流信号）。这些视觉运动信号通过19区和T3区到达PIVC。（摘要截取自400字）
