Savas K M, Zeroske J
Gastroenterol Nurs. 1992 Dec;15(3):98-103. doi: 10.1097/00001610-199212000-00003.
Esophageal cancer is a devastating illness that has often metastasized before diagnosis. Diagnostic options include barium x-ray and endoscopy. Staging is most accurate using endoscopic ultrasonography. Treatment modalities that are widely used include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, dilatation, prosthesis placement, neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and combinations thereof. Photodynamic therapy is a treatment currently used on an experimental basis that offers selective ablation of cancerous cells. Nursing support for these patients is critically important and must be ongoing. Education for patients and families is continuous throughout the course of treatment.
食管癌是一种极具破坏性的疾病，常在确诊前就已发生转移。诊断方法包括钡餐X线检查和内镜检查。使用内镜超声检查进行分期最为准确。广泛使用的治疗方式包括放疗、化疗、扩张、假体置入、钕钇铝石榴石激光以及这些方法的联合应用。光动力疗法是目前正在实验性使用的一种治疗方法，可对癌细胞进行选择性切除。对这些患者的护理支持至关重要且必须持续进行。在整个治疗过程中，要持续对患者及其家属进行教育。
