Field A E, Gillman M W, Rosner B, Rockett H R, Colditz G A
Children's Hospital Boston, Division of Adolescent Medicine, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Jul;27(7):821-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802297.
To assess whether intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with change in body mass index (BMI) among a large sample of children and adolescents in the United States.
Prospective cohort study of children and adolescent who were 9-14 y of age in 1996, when the study began.
The subjects included 8203 girls and 6715 boys in an ongoing cohort study who completed at least two questionnaires between 1996 and 1999.
Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed in 1996-1998 with a validated food frequency questionnaire designed specifically for children and adolescents. The outcome measure was change in age- and gender-specific z-score of BMI (kg/m(2)). Self-reported weight and height, which were used to calculate BMI, were collected annually from 1996 to 1999.
During 3 years of follow-up, annual changes in BMI were slightly greater among the boys than the girls. After controlling for Tanner stage of development, age, height change, activity and inactivity, which are known or suspected predictors of change in BMI, among the girls there was no relation between intake of fruits, fruit juice, or vegetables (alone or combined) and subsequent changes in BMI z-score. Among the boys, intake of fruit and fruit juice was not predictive of changes in BMI, however, vegetables intake was inversely related to changes in BMI z-score (beta per serving=-0.003). However, after adjusting for caloric intake, the magnitude of the effect was diminished and no longer significant.
Our results suggest that the recommendation for consumption of fruits and vegetables may be well founded, but should not be based on a beneficial effect on weight regulation.
评估在美国大量儿童和青少年样本中，水果和蔬菜摄入量是否与体重指数（BMI）变化相关。
对1996年（研究开始时）年龄在9至14岁的儿童和青少年进行前瞻性队列研究。
研究对象包括正在进行的队列研究中的8203名女孩和6715名男孩，他们在1996年至1999年间至少完成了两份调查问卷。
1996 - 1998年，使用专门为儿童和青少年设计的经过验证的食物频率问卷评估水果和蔬菜摄入量。结果指标是BMI（kg/m²）的年龄和性别特异性z评分的变化。1996年至1999年每年收集用于计算BMI的自我报告体重和身高。
在3年的随访期间，男孩的BMI年变化略大于女孩。在控制了已知或疑似BMI变化预测因素的坦纳发育阶段、年龄、身高变化、活动和不活动情况后，女孩中水果、果汁或蔬菜（单独或组合）的摄入量与随后的BMI z评分变化之间没有关系。在男孩中，水果和果汁的摄入量不能预测BMI的变化，然而，蔬菜摄入量与BMI z评分的变化呈负相关（每份β=-0.003）。但是，在调整热量摄入后，这种影响的幅度减小且不再显著。
我们的结果表明，关于食用水果和蔬菜的建议可能有充分依据，但不应基于对体重调节的有益影响。
