Enes Carla C, Slater Betzabeth
Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC), School of Nutrition,, Campinas,, Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;16(2):493-501. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2013000200023.
To assess whether changes in dietary intake and physical activity pattern are associated with the annual body mass index (BMI) z-score change among adolescents.
The study was conducted in public schools in the city of Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a probabilistic sample of 431 adolescents participating in wave I (2004) (hereafter, baseline) and 299 in wave II (2005) (hereafter, follow-up). BMI, usual food intake, physical activity, screen time, sexual maturation and demographic variables were assessed twice. The association between annual change in food intake, physical activity, screen time, and annual BMI z-score changes were assessed by multiple regression.
The study showed a positive variation in BMI z-score over one-year. Among variables related to physical activity pattern only playing videogame and using computer increased over the year. The intake of fruits and vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages increased over one year, while the others variables showed a reduction. An increased consumption of fatty foods (β = 0.04, p = 0.04) and sweetened natural fruit juices (β = 0.05, p = 0.03) was positively associated with the rise in BMI z-score.
Unhealthy dietary habits can predict the BMI z-score gain more than the physical activity pattern. The intake of fatty foods and sweetened fruit juices is associated with the BMI z-score over one year.
评估饮食摄入量和身体活动模式的变化是否与青少年的年度体重指数（BMI）z评分变化相关。
该研究在巴西圣保罗皮拉西卡巴市的公立学校进行，对431名青少年进行概率抽样，他们参与了第一波（2004年）（以下简称基线）研究，299名参与了第二波（2005年）（以下简称随访）研究。对BMI、日常食物摄入量、身体活动、屏幕时间、性成熟度和人口统计学变量进行了两次评估。通过多元回归评估食物摄入量、身体活动、屏幕时间的年度变化与年度BMI z评分变化之间的关联。
研究显示BMI z评分在一年中呈正向变化。在与身体活动模式相关的变量中，只有玩电子游戏和使用电脑的时间在这一年中增加了。水果和蔬菜以及含糖饮料的摄入量在一年中有所增加，而其他变量则有所减少。高脂肪食物（β = 0.04，p = 0.04）和天然甜果汁（β = 0.05，p = 0.03）的摄入量增加与BMI z评分的上升呈正相关。
不健康的饮食习惯比身体活动模式更能预测BMI z评分的增加。高脂肪食物和甜果汁的摄入量与一年中的BMI z评分相关。
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