Green Leonard, Estle Sara J
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2003 Mar;79(2):233-42. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2003.79-233.
Rats were given a choice between a smaller, immediately available reward and a larger reward available after a delay. In one phase, the reward was food and in another phase, the reward was water. Constant delays were added between the choice presentation and the delivery of the reward alternatives. As the time between choice and reward delivery increased from 0 to 25 s, all rats (except one in the water phase) reversed their preference from the smaller, sooner alternative to the larger, later alternative. These findings extend the generality of the preference-reversal animal model to qualitatively different reinforcers. Furthermore, the presence of both impulsive and self-control choices within the same animal is consistent with the view that self-control may be understood as choice behavior, and that species differences in self-control may be differences in degree, not kind.
让大鼠在一个较小的、即时可得的奖励和一个延迟后可得的较大奖励之间做出选择。在一个阶段，奖励是食物，在另一个阶段，奖励是水。在选择呈现和奖励选项交付之间增加了固定的延迟。随着选择和奖励交付之间的时间从0秒增加到25秒，所有大鼠（水阶段的一只大鼠除外）都将它们的偏好从小的、较早的选项转向了大的、较晚的选项。这些发现将偏好逆转动物模型的普遍性扩展到了性质不同的强化物上。此外，同一动物体内同时存在冲动选择和自我控制选择，这与自我控制可被理解为选择行为的观点一致，并且自我控制的物种差异可能是程度上的差异，而非种类上的差异。
