Sawaya Ana L, Martins Paula, Hoffman Daniel, Roberts Susan B
Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Neurofisiologia e Fisiologia Endócrina, Universidade Federal de Säo Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 2nd floor, Säo Paulo, Capital, Brazil, CEP: 04023-060.
Nutr Rev. 2003 May;61(5 Pt 1):168-75. doi: 10.1301/nr.2003.may.168-175.
Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are now prevalent among adults living in developing countries; these chronic diseases affect socioeconomically disadvantaged adults living in impoverished families with undernourished children. This review summarizes data from Brazil--a developing country undergoing the nutrition transition--suggesting an association between childhood undernutrition and obesity and chronic degenerative disease. Potential mechanisms for the association include long-term effects of childhood undernutrition on energy expenditure, fat oxidation, regulation of food intake, susceptibility to the effects of high-fat diets, and altered insulin sensitivity. The combination of childhood undernutrition and adult chronic degenerative disease results in enormous social and economic burdens for developing countries. Further research is urgently needed to examine the effect of childhood undernutrition on risk of obesity and chronic degenerative diseases; one goal of such research would be to determine and provide low-cost methods for prevention and treatment.
肥胖、心血管疾病和2型糖尿病如今在生活在发展中国家的成年人中很普遍；这些慢性病影响着生活在贫困家庭中、子女营养不良的社会经济弱势成年人。本综述总结了来自巴西（一个正在经历营养转型的发展中国家）的数据，表明儿童期营养不良与肥胖及慢性退行性疾病之间存在关联。这种关联的潜在机制包括儿童期营养不良对能量消耗、脂肪氧化、食物摄入调节、对高脂饮食影响的易感性以及胰岛素敏感性改变的长期影响。儿童期营养不良与成人慢性退行性疾病的结合给发展中国家带来了巨大的社会和经济负担。迫切需要进一步研究儿童期营养不良对肥胖和慢性退行性疾病风险的影响；此类研究的一个目标将是确定并提供低成本的预防和治疗方法。
