Gómez-Casado E, Martínez-Laso J, Moscoso J, Zamora J, Martin-Villa M, Perez-Blas M, Lopez-Santalla M, Lucas Gramajo P, Silvera C, Lowy E, Arnaiz-Villena A
Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, H 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
Tissue Antigens. 2003 Jun;61(6):425-36. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00040.x.
The HLA allele frequency distribution of the Mayans from Guatemala was studied and compared with those of other First American Natives and worldwide populations (a total of 12,364 chromosomes and 6182 individuals from 60 different populations). The main conclusions were (1): the closest Amerindian group to Mayans is the Arhuacs, who were the first recorded Caribbean Islands' inhabitants (2). Mayans are not so close to Mesoamerican Zapotec, Mixe and Mixtec Amerindians, who genetically cluster together. Mixe had been related to Mayans only on linguistic bases (3). DRB10407 and DRB10802 alleles are found in 50% of Mayans; these alleles are also found in other Amerindians, but the Mayans' high frequencies may be showing a founder effect for this Mesoamerican-Caribbean population (4). Extended Mayan specific HLA haplotypes are described for the first time (5). Language and genes do not completely correlate in microgeographical studies (6). Significant genetic input from outside is not noticed in Meso and South American Amerindians according to the genetic analyses; while all world populations (including Africans, Europeans, Asians, Australians, Polynesians, North American Na-Dene Indians and Eskimos) are genetically related. Meso and South American Amerindians tend to remain isolated in the neighbour joining analyses.
对危地马拉玛雅人的HLA等位基因频率分布进行了研究，并与其他美洲原住民和全球人群（共12364条染色体和来自60个不同人群的6182人）进行了比较。主要结论如下：（1）与玛雅人亲缘关系最近的美洲印第安人群体是阿尔瓦克人，他们是最早有记录的加勒比群岛居民。（2）玛雅人与中美洲的萨波特克人、米克斯人和米斯特克印第安人关系并不密切，后三者在基因上聚为一类。米克斯人与玛雅人的关联仅基于语言。（3）50%的玛雅人拥有DRB10407和DRB10802等位基因；其他美洲印第安人中也发现了这些等位基因，但玛雅人中等位基因的高频率可能显示出这个中美洲 - 加勒比人群体的奠基者效应。（4）首次描述了扩展的玛雅特异性HLA单倍型。（5）在微观地理研究中，语言和基因并不完全相关。（6）根据基因分析，在中美洲和南美洲的美洲印第安人中未发现显著的外部基因输入；而所有世界人群（包括非洲人、欧洲人、亚洲人、澳大利亚人、波利尼西亚人、北美纳 - 德内印第安人和爱斯基摩人）在基因上都是相关的。在邻接法分析中，中美洲和南美洲的美洲印第安人倾向于保持隔离。
