Gatto Emilia Mabel, Riobó Natalia, Carreras María Cecilia, Poderoso Juan José, Micheli Federico E
Programa de Parkinson y Movimientos Anormales, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Neurotox Res. 2002 Mar;4(2):141-5. doi: 10.1080/10298420290015881.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a worldwide neurodegenerative disorder. Although the etiology has been linked to genetic and environmental factors, curative treatment remains a challenge. Several hypotheses support different pathophysiological mechanisms related to oxidative stress, glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity, mitochondrial energetic impairment and nitric oxide (NO) over-production. Moreover, apoptotic mechanisms have been identified in PD. In this way, classical drugs such as amantadine, selegiline and dopamine agonists show only a modest neuroprotective effect. New strategies with enormous potential are now under development. These include neuroprotectants and agents that might rescue dopaminergic neurons. Glutamate receptor antagonists, neurotrophins, neuroimmunophilins, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, iron-chelators and NO modulators, as well as caspase inhibitors have evident neuroprotective properties in experimental PD models.
帕金森病（PD）是一种全球性的神经退行性疾病。尽管其病因与遗传和环境因素有关，但治愈性治疗仍然是一项挑战。有几种假说支持与氧化应激、谷氨酸介导的神经毒性、线粒体能量损伤和一氧化氮（NO）过量产生相关的不同病理生理机制。此外，在帕金森病中已发现凋亡机制。这样一来，诸如金刚烷胺、司来吉兰和多巴胺激动剂等传统药物仅显示出适度的神经保护作用。目前正在开发具有巨大潜力的新策略。这些包括神经保护剂以及可能挽救多巴胺能神经元的药物。谷氨酸受体拮抗剂、神经营养因子、神经免疫亲和素、腺苷A2A受体拮抗剂、铁螯合剂和NO调节剂，以及半胱天冬酶抑制剂在实验性帕金森病模型中具有明显的神经保护特性。
