Ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent gating of Ca(2+)- and ATP-sensitive cationic channels in brain capillary endothelium.

Biophysical properties of the Ca(2+)-activated nonselective cation channel expressed in brain capillaries were studied in inside-out patches from primary cultures of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. At -40 mV membrane potential, open probability (P(o)) was activated by cytosolic [Ca(2+)] > 1 micro M and was half-maximal at approximately 20 micro M. Increasing [Ca(2+)] stimulated opening rate with little effect on closing rate. At constant [Ca(2+)], P(o) was voltage-dependent, and effective gating charge corresponded to 0.6 +/- 0.1 unitary charges. Depolarization accelerated opening and slowed closing, thereby increasing apparent affinity for Ca(2+). Within approximately 1 min of excision, P(o) declined to a lower steady state with decreased sensitivity toward activating Ca(2+) when studied at a fixed voltage, and toward activating voltage when studied at a fixed [Ca(2+)]. Deactivated channels opened approximately 5-fold slower and closed approximately 10-fold faster. The sulfhydryl-reducing agent dithiotreitol (1 mM) completely reversed acceleration of closing rate but failed to recover opening rate. Single-channel gating was complex; distributions of open and closed dwell times contained at least four and five exponential components, respectively. The longest component of the closed-time distribution was markedly sensitive to both [Ca(2+)] and voltage. We conclude that the biophysical properties of gating of this channel are remarkably similar to those of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels.