Montgomery David R, Manga Michael
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2047-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1082980.
Earthquake-induced crustal deformation and ground shaking can alter stream flow and water levels in wells through consolidation of surficial deposits, fracturing of solid rocks, aquifer deformation, and the clearing of fracture-filling material. Although local conditions affect the type and amplitude of response, a compilation of reported observations of hydrological response to earthquakes indicates that the maximum distance to which changes in stream flow and water levels in wells have been reported is related to earthquake magnitude. Detectable streamflow changes occur in areas within tens to hundreds of kilometers of the epicenter, whereas changes in groundwater levels in wells can occur hundreds to thousands of kilometers from earthquake epicenters.
地震引起的地壳变形和地面震动可通过地表沉积物的固结、固体岩石的破裂、含水层变形以及裂缝填充物质的清除，改变河流流量和井中的水位。尽管当地条件会影响响应的类型和幅度，但一份关于地震水文响应的报告观测资料汇编表明，报告的河流流量和井中水位变化的最大距离与地震震级有关。在震中数十至数百公里范围内的区域会出现可检测到的河流流量变化，而井中地下水位的变化可能发生在距地震震中数百至数千公里处。
